From 2e8ec845c8c7fd0f8923145c144fc7349e271420 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Andr=C3=A9=20Padez?= <andre.padez@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 2026 16:03:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] step 1/4: the permission engine is called permissions, not
 capabilities
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The word meant four different things in this repo, not the three the offscale
doc records:

  1. the permission registry              → RENAMED here
  2. $OFFICER_ROOT/capabilities/ items    → kept; this is what capabilities are
  3. sidecar routing keys                 → step 3, becoming `handles`
  4. Lightning wallet features            → kept; a domain term, and on the wire
                                            to the mobile apps

The fourth was not in the doc and a global find-and-replace would have broken
the mobile wallet, which reads `{ kind, capabilities: Capability[] }` from the
wallet sidecar. So this renamed against an explicit file allowlist rather than
by sweeping the tree, and `CapabilityPage.tsx` — the UI for the item store, and
correctly named already — was left alone.

Moved: servers/capabilities/ → servers/permissions/, capability-gate.ts →
permission-gate.ts, users/capabilities-routes.ts → permissions-routes.ts,
hooks/useCapabilities.ts → usePermissions.ts. Identifiers follow.

Three breaks the typechecker could not see, all found by exercising it live.

The route paths moved with the prose sweep, so the server served
/user/permissions while the frontend still called /user/capabilities. A 404 on
every page load, and tsgo clean throughout.

The response FIELD moved too. `client.get<SelfPermissions>()` is an unchecked
cast, so `data.capabilities` became `undefined` at runtime with no compile
error — `can()` would have answered "no" to everything and the dock would have
emptied itself.

And the grants list was passed straight out of the database, so it arrived as
`{ role, capability, level }` while the screen read `grant.permission`. Every
role would have rendered as holding nothing. It is now mapped in the route:
the wire says `permission`, the column still says `capability`, and step 2
therefore changes nothing any client can see.

The stale react-query keys were the quiet one: two files still invalidated
['self-capabilities'] after the hook moved to ['self-permissions'], so
installing a plugin would have silently stopped refreshing the dock.

The database is untouched — `role_capabilities` and its `capability` column are
step 2, and the two call sites that cross that boundary say so in a comment.
Round-tripped the 9 live grants through the admin endpoint to prove the PUT
contract survived: 9 before, 9 after, Member's three intact.

Also reverted prettier churn on five landing-page files that a broad --write
picked up. Second time today; the lesson is not sticking.

tsgo clean. 797 tests, 787 pass, same 7 pre-existing failures — two of which
now read "path → permission" rather than "path → capability".
---
 plugins/music/web/MusicPlayerHost.tsx         |   4 +-
 .../Dashboard/Layout/DashboardLayout.tsx      |   4 +-
 .../Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Dock.tsx         |   2 +-
 .../Dashboard/Layout/Header/JobsIndicator.tsx |   4 +-
 .../Dashboard/Layout/Rescan/RescanButton.tsx  |   4 +-
 .../Screens/Dashboard/Layout/RouteGate.tsx    |   4 +-
 .../Settings/ProfileSettings/DockSettings.tsx |   4 +-
 .../UserManagement/PermissionsSection.tsx     |  44 +++---
 src/server.tsx                                |   6 +-
 src/servers/_middlewares/index.ts             |   2 +-
 ...{capability-gate.ts => permission-gate.ts} |   6 +-
 src/servers/_middlewares/user-middleware.ts   |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/activity/progress.ts          |   4 +-
 src/servers/api/agent-handoff/router.ts       |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/agent-status/router.ts        |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/agents/agent-runner.ts        |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/api-keys/router.ts            |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/app-store/router.ts           |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/auth/bootstrap.ts             |   7 +-
 src/servers/api/auth/signin.ts                |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/chat/agent-panels-routes.ts   |   4 +-
 src/servers/api/chat/chat.ts                  |   4 +-
 src/servers/api/chat/list-models.ts           |  10 +-
 src/servers/api/plugins/router.ts             |   2 +-
 src/servers/api/settings/settings.ts          |   6 +-
 ...lities-routes.ts => permissions-routes.ts} |  93 ++++++-----
 src/servers/api/users/users-router.ts         |   8 +-
 src/servers/app-store/availability.ts         |  34 ++--
 src/servers/app-store/catalogue.test.ts       |  20 +--
 src/servers/app-store/catalogue.ts            |  42 ++---
 src/servers/app-store/paths.ts                |   2 +-
 src/servers/auth-token.ts                     |   4 +-
 src/servers/data-path.ts                      |   2 +-
 src/servers/hono.ts                           |  22 +--
 src/servers/os-user-docker.ts                 |   2 +-
 src/servers/os-user-postgres.ts               |   2 +-
 src/servers/os-user.ts                        |   8 +-
 .../authorize.ts                              |  92 +++++------
 .../registry.test.ts                          | 114 +++++++-------
 .../{capabilities => permissions}/registry.ts | 148 +++++++++---------
 .../{capabilities => permissions}/totality.ts |  64 ++++----
 src/servers/plugins/manifest.ts               |   2 +-
 src/servers/plugins/mount.ts                  |  10 +-
 .../{useCapabilities.ts => usePermissions.ts} |  34 ++--
 .../src/apps/AppStore/useAppStore.ts          |   2 +-
 .../src/apps/FileBrowser/useAgents.ts         |   4 +-
 .../src/apps/FileBrowser/useTasks.ts          |   4 +-
 .../officerdev/src/apps/Plugins/usePlugins.ts |   4 +-
 .../officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/CoinsView.tsx  |   4 +-
 .../src/apps/Wallet/LightningView.tsx         |   4 +-
 .../src/apps/Wallet/OverviewView.tsx          |   4 +-
 .../src/apps/Wallet/ReceiveView.tsx           |   4 +-
 .../officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/SendView.tsx   |   6 +-
 .../officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletNav.tsx  |   4 +-
 .../src/apps/Wallet/WalletSettingsView.tsx    |   4 +-
 .../src/apps/Wallet/useWalletData.ts          |   2 +-
 src/workspaces/state/src/useAccessPolicy.ts   |   4 +-
 src/workspaces/state/src/useModels.ts         |   4 +-
 src/workspaces/state/src/useServerSettings.ts |   4 +-
 59 files changed, 454 insertions(+), 442 deletions(-)
 rename src/servers/_middlewares/{capability-gate.ts => permission-gate.ts} (93%)
 rename src/servers/api/users/{capabilities-routes.ts => permissions-routes.ts} (61%)
 rename src/servers/{capabilities => permissions}/authorize.ts (68%)
 rename src/servers/{capabilities => permissions}/registry.test.ts (70%)
 rename src/servers/{capabilities => permissions}/registry.ts (83%)
 rename src/servers/{capabilities => permissions}/totality.ts (75%)
 rename src/workspaces/hooks/src/{useCapabilities.ts => usePermissions.ts} (83%)

diff --git a/plugins/music/web/MusicPlayerHost.tsx b/plugins/music/web/MusicPlayerHost.tsx
index 5c5a270e..1f46057d 100644
--- a/plugins/music/web/MusicPlayerHost.tsx
+++ b/plugins/music/web/MusicPlayerHost.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { Link, useLocation, useNavigate } from 'react-router';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 import { Play, Pause, SkipBack, SkipForward, X, Volume2, VolumeX, Loader2, MicVocal } from 'lucide-react';
 import { SeekBar } from 'officerdev';
 import { MusicHeart } from './MusicHeart';
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const MUSIC_API = '/api/music';
 
 export const MusicPlayerHost = () => {
   const { token, get, put, delete: del } = useClient();
-  const { can } = useCapabilities();
+  const { can } = usePermissions();
   const canUseMusic = can('music');
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const { pathname } = useLocation();
diff --git a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/DashboardLayout.tsx b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/DashboardLayout.tsx
index 1842358d..0c1727cc 100644
--- a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/DashboardLayout.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/DashboardLayout.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useMemo, useRef } from 'react';
 import { useLocation } from 'react-router';
 import { useDock, usePanelFullscreen } from 'officerdev';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 import { ErrorBoundary } from '@/components/ErrorBoundary';
 import { ScreenErrorFallback } from './ScreenErrorFallback';
 import { Background } from './Background';
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type DashboardLayoutProps = {
   children?: React.ReactNode;
 };
 export function DashboardLayout({ children }: DashboardLayoutProps) {
-  const { canVisit, plugins } = useCapabilities();
+  const { canVisit, plugins } = usePermissions();
   // Filtered BEFORE useDock, so a member's saved dock order cannot resurrect an icon their role no longer
   // reaches, and so the pinned-item defaults fall back to something they can actually open. Cosmetic
   // either way — every one of these routes is refused server-side too — but an app that offers a door it
diff --git a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Dock.tsx b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Dock.tsx
index 05656b3b..4a61fdff 100644
--- a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Dock.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Dock.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { NavLink } from 'react-router';
 import type { LucideIcon } from 'lucide-react';
 import { resolveIcon } from 'officerdev';
-import type { PluginManifest } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import type { PluginManifest } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 
 export type DockItem = {
   label: string;
diff --git a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Header/JobsIndicator.tsx b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Header/JobsIndicator.tsx
index 64924d25..e97b5a29 100644
--- a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Header/JobsIndicator.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Header/JobsIndicator.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { Link } from 'react-router';
 import { Loader2, ListOrdered } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 
 type Counts = { running: number; runningJobId: string | null; queued: number };
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ type Counts = { running: number; runningJobId: string | null; queued: number };
 // links to a screen they cannot open. Neither is a security problem; both are the app lying about what it is.
 export const JobsIndicator = () => {
   const client = useClient();
-  const { can } = useCapabilities();
+  const { can } = usePermissions();
   const allowed = can('tasks');
   const [counts, setCounts] = useState<Counts>({ running: 0, runningJobId: null, queued: 0 });
 
diff --git a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Rescan/RescanButton.tsx b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Rescan/RescanButton.tsx
index ea4412f5..cc73d7f9 100644
--- a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Rescan/RescanButton.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Rescan/RescanButton.tsx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { RotateCw } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 
 type RescanResponse = { ok: boolean; counts: Record<string, number> };
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const ITEM_QUERY_KEYS = ['tasks', 'task-categories', 'skills', 'tools', 'process
 export function RescanButton() {
   const client = useClient();
   const qc = useQueryClient();
-  const { can } = useCapabilities();
+  const { can } = usePermissions();
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
 
   // `POST /api/rescan` belongs to the `items` capability — skills, tools, agents and processes on the
diff --git a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/RouteGate.tsx b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/RouteGate.tsx
index f785b52a..69e59a2d 100644
--- a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/RouteGate.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/RouteGate.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Navigate, useLocation } from 'react-router';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 
 // A screen exists only if this server has the thing behind it and this account may reach it. Otherwise the
 // path is treated exactly as an unknown one: redirect home, same as App.tsx's `path="*"`.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
 
 export function RouteGate({ children }: { children?: React.ReactNode }) {
   const { pathname } = useLocation();
-  const { denialReason } = useCapabilities();
+  const { denialReason } = usePermissions();
 
   // `replace`, so Back does not bounce between the denied path and home.
   if (denialReason(pathname)) return <Navigate to="/" replace />;
diff --git a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/ProfileSettings/DockSettings.tsx b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/ProfileSettings/DockSettings.tsx
index c1604e83..56538248 100644
--- a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/ProfileSettings/DockSettings.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/ProfileSettings/DockSettings.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useMemo, useState, useCallback, type DragEvent } from 'react';
 import { X, Plus, RotateCcw } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { useDock } from 'officerdev';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 import { CORE_DOCK_ITEMS, dockItemsFromPlugins, DEFAULT_DOCK_PATHS } from '@/Screens/Dashboard/Layout/Dock';
 
 type DockPillProps = {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ const DropZone = ({ label, children, onDrop }: DropZoneProps) => {
 export const DockSettings = () => {
   // Same composition as the dock itself. Offering a pin for an uninstalled feature would let someone
   // pin a tile that cannot appear, which reads as the setting being broken.
-  const { plugins } = useCapabilities();
+  const { plugins } = usePermissions();
   const allDockItems = useMemo(() => [...CORE_DOCK_ITEMS, ...dockItemsFromPlugins(plugins)], [plugins]);
   const { items, allItems, setItems, reset } = useDock(allDockItems, DEFAULT_DOCK_PATHS);
   const [dropTarget, setDropTarget] = useState<{ path: string; side: 'left' | 'right' } | null>(null);
diff --git a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/UserManagement/PermissionsSection.tsx b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/UserManagement/PermissionsSection.tsx
index 86fbe11b..d820c5d8 100644
--- a/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/UserManagement/PermissionsSection.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/officer-web/Screens/Dashboard/Settings/UserManagement/PermissionsSection.tsx
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import { Loader2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
-import { CAPABILITIES_QUERY_KEY } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { PERMISSIONS_QUERY_KEY } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from '@/components/ui/select';
 
-// What each ROLE may reach. Not each user — see the table comment in schema/capabilities.ts for why.
+// What each ROLE may reach. Not each user — see the table comment in schema/permissions.ts for why.
 //
-// The screen is one role at a time on purpose. A grid of every role against every capability is the
+// The screen is one role at a time on purpose. A grid of every role against every permission is the
 // obvious design and it is the wrong one: it invites reading across rows, which is not a question anyone
 // has, and it makes the destructive action ("uncheck Gitea for Members") a single click among fifty. One
 // role, an explicit Save, and a visible dirty state instead.
 
-type CapabilityInfo = {
+type PermissionInfo = {
   key: string;
   label: string;
   description: string;
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ type CapabilityInfo = {
   hasPersonalWrites: boolean;
 };
 
-type Grant = { role: string; capability: string; level: 'read' | 'write' };
+type Grant = { role: string; permission: string; level: 'read' | 'write' };
 
-type CapabilitiesResponse = {
+type PermissionsResponse = {
   /** Grantable AND installed. What this server can currently do. */
-  capabilities: CapabilityInfo[];
+  permissions: PermissionInfo[];
 
   roles: string[];
   grants: Grant[];
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ export const PermissionsSection = () => {
   const [draft, setDraft] = useState<Record<string, Level>>({});
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
 
-  const { data, isLoading, isError } = useQuery<CapabilitiesResponse>({
+  const { data, isLoading, isError } = useQuery<PermissionsResponse>({
     queryKey: PERMISSIONS_KEY,
-    queryFn: () => client.get<CapabilitiesResponse>('/users/capabilities'),
+    queryFn: () => client.get<PermissionsResponse>('/users/permissions'),
   });
 
   const activeRole = role ?? data?.roles[0] ?? null;
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ export const PermissionsSection = () => {
   // What the server currently says, for this role. The comparison baseline for the dirty state below.
   const saved = useMemo(() => {
     const levels: Record<string, Level> = {};
-    for (const capability of data?.capabilities ?? []) levels[capability.key] = 'none';
+    for (const permission of data?.permissions ?? []) levels[permission.key] = 'none';
     for (const grant of data?.grants ?? []) {
-      if (grant.role === activeRole) levels[grant.capability] = grant.level;
+      if (grant.role === activeRole) levels[grant.permission] = grant.level;
     }
     return levels;
   }, [data, activeRole]);
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ export const PermissionsSection = () => {
     try {
       const grants = Object.entries(draft)
         .filter(([, level]) => level !== 'none')
-        .map(([capability, level]) => ({ capability, level }));
-      await client.put(`/users/capabilities/${encodeURIComponent(activeRole)}`, { grants });
+        .map(([permission, level]) => ({ permission, level }));
+      await client.put(`/users/permissions/${encodeURIComponent(activeRole)}`, { grants });
       await queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: PERMISSIONS_KEY });
       // The owner may be editing their own view's inputs — and anyone already signed in needs the dock to
       // catch up without a reload.
-      await queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: CAPABILITIES_QUERY_KEY });
+      await queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: PERMISSIONS_QUERY_KEY });
       toast.success(`Saved what ${activeRole}s can reach`);
     } catch (ex) {
       toast.error(ex instanceof Error ? ex.message : 'Could not save');
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ export const PermissionsSection = () => {
   if (isLoading) {
     return (
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2 p-6 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-        <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" /> Loading capabilities…
+        <Loader2 className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin" /> Loading permissions…
       </div>
     );
   }
   if (isError || !data) {
-    return <div className="p-6 text-sm text-destructive">Could not load capabilities.</div>;
+    return <div className="p-6 text-sm text-destructive">Could not load permissions.</div>;
   }
 
   return (
@@ -134,18 +134,18 @@ export const PermissionsSection = () => {
       </p>
 
       <div className="divide-y rounded-lg border">
-        {data.capabilities.map((capability) => {
-          const level = draft[capability.key] ?? 'none';
+        {data.permissions.map((permission) => {
+          const level = draft[permission.key] ?? 'none';
           return (
-            <div key={capability.key} className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4 p-3">
+            <div key={permission.key} className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4 p-3">
               {/* Label only. The descriptions went because with three rows called Terminal, Chat and Files
                   they explained nothing anyone needed — and the "needs a Linux account" line went with them:
                   every account gets one at creation, so warning about it on every row was noise about a state
                   that no longer occurs on its own. */}
-              <div className="min-w-0 text-sm font-medium">{capability.label}</div>
+              <div className="min-w-0 text-sm font-medium">{permission.label}</div>
               <Select
                 value={level}
-                onValueChange={(value) => setDraft((prev) => ({ ...prev, [capability.key]: value as Level }))}
+                onValueChange={(value) => setDraft((prev) => ({ ...prev, [permission.key]: value as Level }))}
               >
                 <SelectTrigger className="w-32 shrink-0">
                   <SelectValue />
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export const PermissionsSection = () => {
         })}
       </div>
 
-      {/* Two explanatory blocks used to sit here: one naming every capability whose sidecar is not installed,
+      {/* Two explanatory blocks used to sit here: one naming every permission whose sidecar is not installed,
           and one naming everything that can never be granted. Both are gone, and for the same reason — a
           server should not enumerate what it does not have. The first was a catalogue of uninstallable
           features presented as a permissions decision; the second described chat, tasks, the desktop and the
diff --git a/src/server.tsx b/src/server.tsx
index e15c2aa3..600e6926 100644
--- a/src/server.tsx
+++ b/src/server.tsx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { ServerWebSocket } from 'bun';
 import { serve } from 'bun';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { honoServer, PROTECTED_API_PREFIXES, UNPROTECTED_API_PREFIXES } from './servers/hono';
-import { assertCapabilityTotality } from './servers/capabilities/totality';
+import { assertPermissionTotality } from './servers/permissions/totality';
 import { refreshPluginMounts, snapshotPlugins } from './servers/plugins/mount';
 import { generatePluginsModule, rebuildFrontend, BUILD_DIR, SHELL_FILE } from './servers/plugins/generate';
 import { assertInstallLayout } from './servers/data-path';
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { PORT } from './servers/officer-url.mjs';
 import { assertSecretsClosed } from './servers/os-user';
 import { resolveHomeDir } from './servers/user-home';
 import { resolveAuthToken } from './servers/auth-token';
-import { isWsProviderAllowed } from './servers/capabilities/authorize';
+import { isWsProviderAllowed } from './servers/permissions/authorize';
 import { isTokenBlacklisted, getUserById } from 'officerdb';
 import { terminalWebsocket } from './servers/api/terminal/websocket';
 import { chatWebsocket } from './servers/api/chat/websocket';
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ const handlers: Record<string, any> = {
 // This throws rather than warns, and it throws HERE — before serve() — so a surface nobody has gated
 // cannot be reached even once. The HTTP half comes from hono.ts's own mount table and the socket half
 // from the map directly above, so neither list can be a stale copy of the thing it describes.
-assertCapabilityTotality({
+assertPermissionTotality({
   apiPrefixes: [...PROTECTED_API_PREFIXES, ...UNPROTECTED_API_PREFIXES],
   wsProviders: Object.keys(handlers),
 });
diff --git a/src/servers/_middlewares/index.ts b/src/servers/_middlewares/index.ts
index bdc6fd55..f29ec7cb 100644
--- a/src/servers/_middlewares/index.ts
+++ b/src/servers/_middlewares/index.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export * from './body-parser';
 export * from './user-middleware';
 export * from './origin-middleware';
-export * from './capability-gate';
+export * from './permission-gate';
 export * from './rate-limiter';
 export * from './known-users';
 export * from './auth-audit';
diff --git a/src/servers/_middlewares/capability-gate.ts b/src/servers/_middlewares/permission-gate.ts
similarity index 93%
rename from src/servers/_middlewares/capability-gate.ts
rename to src/servers/_middlewares/permission-gate.ts
index e5748ff9..e40c635a 100644
--- a/src/servers/_middlewares/capability-gate.ts
+++ b/src/servers/_middlewares/permission-gate.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import type { MiddlewareHandler } from 'hono';
 import * as errors from '../custom-errors';
 import { resolveAuthToken } from '../auth-token';
 import { isSuperAdmin } from '../super-admin';
-import { isApiRequestAllowed } from '../capabilities/authorize';
-import { isExemptApiPath } from '../capabilities/totality';
+import { isApiRequestAllowed } from '../permissions/authorize';
+import { isExemptApiPath } from '../permissions/totality';
 
 // The global authorization gate: a valid NON-owner token may reach only what its ROLE has been granted.
 //
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import { isExemptApiPath } from '../capabilities/totality';
 // This half was deliberately NOT under that flag, because it is account-based rather than origin-based.
 // Its old comment called it "the airtight half", and separating the two is why the name changed: nothing
 // in here looks at an Origin header any more.
-export const capabilityGateMiddleware: MiddlewareHandler = async function (ctx, next) {
+export const permissionGateMiddleware: MiddlewareHandler = async function (ctx, next) {
   const path = ctx.req.path;
 
   const authorization = ctx.req.header('authorization');
diff --git a/src/servers/_middlewares/user-middleware.ts b/src/servers/_middlewares/user-middleware.ts
index 1d4cc494..f401e012 100644
--- a/src/servers/_middlewares/user-middleware.ts
+++ b/src/servers/_middlewares/user-middleware.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export const userMiddleware: MiddlewareHandler = async function (ctx, next) {
 
   // There was an Origin check here until 2026-08-13. It is gone with the rest of origin validation —
   // it had defaulted to off, so it ran on no real install. A valid token is required below, and the
-  // capability gate in hono.ts confines a non-owner to what their role grants.
+  // permission gate in hono.ts confines a non-owner to what their role grants.
 
   try {
     // Both credentials resolve here — see auth-token.ts. Everything below applies to a session JWT only:
diff --git a/src/servers/api/activity/progress.ts b/src/servers/api/activity/progress.ts
index 877ce51e..cf65903a 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/activity/progress.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/activity/progress.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Shared structured-progress contract for the Activity feature.
 //
-// Any capability that wants live progress bars / phase chips (instead of the UI regexing prose) appends
+// Any permission that wants live progress bars / phase chips (instead of the UI regexing prose) appends
 // NDJSON lines of this shape to its output/log file, alongside whatever human text it already writes:
 //
 //   {"job":"dearly-devoted","cap":"split-audiobook","phase":"transcription","status":"running","pct":9,"detail":"0:50:00 / 9:28:24","ts":1730000000000}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 // The parser is deliberately tolerant: a line is treated as structured progress iff it JSON-parses to
 // an object carrying a `phase` or `status`; everything else is passed through as a raw log line. So a
-// capability can dual-write (human lines + NDJSON) and both render correctly.
+// permission can dual-write (human lines + NDJSON) and both render correctly.
 
 export type ProgressLine = {
   job?: string;
diff --git a/src/servers/api/agent-handoff/router.ts b/src/servers/api/agent-handoff/router.ts
index 8f4bd37e..6feb73b7 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/agent-handoff/router.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/agent-handoff/router.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { logger } from '../chat/logger';
  * The door an AGENT knocks on — not a human, and not a browser.
  *
  * This is mounted above the account gate, so it does not carry a platform JWT and does not go through
- * `userMiddleware`. That exemption is declared and justified in `capabilities/totality.ts`; the claim
+ * `userMiddleware`. That exemption is declared and justified in `permissions/totality.ts`; the claim
  * it makes is that this surface is authenticated by a per-panel bearer token instead, and that the
  * token's authority is tiny by construction:
  *
diff --git a/src/servers/api/agent-status/router.ts b/src/servers/api/agent-status/router.ts
index d581eadf..77092ab5 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/agent-status/router.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/agent-status/router.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { createRouter } from '../../create-router';
 // there leak the owner's project directory names — but it means the answer to "why is my agent not working"
 // has to live somewhere a member can reach.
 //
-// So this is its own router under the `chat` capability. Same grant, no owner gate, and nothing here reports
+// So this is its own router under the `chat` permission. Same grant, no owner gate, and nothing here reports
 // on anyone but the caller: two booleans about their own home. Denying it would not restrict an account, it
 // would just replace an explanation with a silence.
 //
diff --git a/src/servers/api/agents/agent-runner.ts b/src/servers/api/agents/agent-runner.ts
index c6348850..6d372d06 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/agents/agent-runner.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/agents/agent-runner.ts
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ export async function startAgentRun(params: StartAgentRunParams): Promise<StartA
         titleRun(
           // `osUser: null` and `isOwner: true` both track `homeDir` above: it is `getOwnerHomeDir`, which
           // discards the email it is given, so an agent run is always the owner's — its transcript is theirs
-          // and readable directly. `agents` is an `execution` capability, so no other account reaches this.
+          // and readable directly. `agents` is an `execution` permission, so no other account reaches this.
           // If agent runs ever reach members, this and line 134 have to move together.
           { email: params.user.email, home: homeDir, osUser: null, isOwner: true },
           cwd,
diff --git a/src/servers/api/api-keys/router.ts b/src/servers/api/api-keys/router.ts
index d831b014..fdeea1cc 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/api-keys/router.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/api-keys/router.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import * as errors from '../../custom-errors';
 // asks the same questions of that user it would have asked of a browser session. That is not an
 // escalation — it can do exactly what the password could already do — but it does mean a leaked key is a
 // leaked account, which is why revocation is one call and last-used is recorded. Narrowing a key to a
-// subset of its holder's capabilities is the next step and wants a `scopes` column, not a change here.
+// subset of its holder's permissions is the next step and wants a `scopes` column, not a change here.
 
 export const apiKeysRouter = createRouter();
 
diff --git a/src/servers/api/app-store/router.ts b/src/servers/api/app-store/router.ts
index a9a765b3..c4fdcb20 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/app-store/router.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/app-store/router.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { byId, type InstallMode } from '../../app-store/catalogue';
 //
 // Installing a sidecar starts a process on the machine, and provisioning one starts containers. That is
 // an administrative act however many members share the server, so this router gates on the owner in its
-// own right rather than relying on the capability layer alone. `server-admin` already covers it, and
+// own right rather than relying on the permission layer alone. `server-admin` already covers it, and
 // this is the belt to that braces — the same shape `/api/vault` uses, and for the same reason: a
 // mistake here is not a leak of data, it is arbitrary process control.
 //
diff --git a/src/servers/api/auth/bootstrap.ts b/src/servers/api/auth/bootstrap.ts
index 58551e49..e6e555bd 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/auth/bootstrap.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/auth/bootstrap.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { Handler } from 'hono';
 import { getUserCount, createUser, replaceRoleGrants, USER_ROLES } from 'officerdb';
-import { DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES } from '@@/capabilities/registry';
+import { DEFAULT_ROLE_PERMISSIONS } from '@@/permissions/registry';
 import argon2 from 'argon2';
 import * as errors from '@@/custom-errors';
 import { rememberUser } from '@@/_middlewares';
@@ -55,11 +55,12 @@ export const bootstrapHandler: Handler = async function (ctx) {
     for (const role of USER_ROLES.filter((r) => r !== 'Super Admin')) {
       await replaceRoleGrants(
         role,
-        DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES.map((capability) => ({ capability, level: 'write' as const })),
+        // `capability` is the DATABASE's column name, renamed in the step that renames the table.
+        DEFAULT_ROLE_PERMISSIONS.map((permission) => ({ capability: permission, level: 'write' as const })),
       );
     }
   } catch (ex) {
-    console.warn('[bootstrap] could not seed default role capabilities', ex);
+    console.warn('[bootstrap] could not seed default role permissions', ex);
   }
 
   // The launch-time snapshot was taken while the user table was still empty. Without this the owner's
diff --git a/src/servers/api/auth/signin.ts b/src/servers/api/auth/signin.ts
index 9099f36e..d4a93a11 100755
--- a/src/servers/api/auth/signin.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/auth/signin.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export const signinHandler: Handler = async function (ctx) {
 
   // There used to be a check here refusing any non-owner signing in through the web or mobile platform
   // origin. It is gone deliberately: onboarding members who use the platform in a browser is the point,
-  // and what they can reach once inside is decided by their role's capabilities at every request. A rule
+  // and what they can reach once inside is decided by their role's permissions at every request. A rule
   // that let a member hold a Gitea grant they could never sign in to use was not defence, just a wall.
 
   const { id, name, username } = dbUser;
diff --git a/src/servers/api/chat/agent-panels-routes.ts b/src/servers/api/chat/agent-panels-routes.ts
index 4b165857..0ae3bf0b 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/chat/agent-panels-routes.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/chat/agent-panels-routes.ts
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ import { OFFICER_API_URL } from '../../officer-url.mjs';
 /**
  * The browser's half of the address book: name a panel, look up what a panel is, rename, remove.
  *
- * Mounted on the chat router rather than given its own prefix, because it is the same capability —
+ * Mounted on the chat router rather than given its own prefix, because it is the same permission —
  * these routes create and name Claude sessions, which is what `chat` already grants. A new top-level
- * mount would have meant a new capability entry claiming the same authority under a second name.
+ * mount would have meant a new permission entry claiming the same authority under a second name.
  *
  * The agent-facing door is separate and deliberately so: `servers/api/agent-handoff/router.ts`.
  */
diff --git a/src/servers/api/chat/chat.ts b/src/servers/api/chat/chat.ts
index 67c5a09a..c80604f0 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/chat/chat.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/chat/chat.ts
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ async function chatIdentity(user: { id: number; email: string }): Promise<ChatId
 // by id. `handleOpenCodeChat` carried a comment calling itself owner-only; nothing enforced it.
 //
 // So this is a stopgap, not a design: `who.isOwner` applied at every door below, until OpenCode carries an
-// identity the way `spawnClaudeAsMember` does. Restrict here rather than at the capability layer because
-// `chat` is one capability covering both harnesses, and splitting it would strand the grants already issued.
+// identity the way `spawnClaudeAsMember` does. Restrict here rather than at the permission layer because
+// `chat` is one permission covering both harnesses, and splitting it would strand the grants already issued.
 // The matching refusal on the execution path is in `websocket.ts` → `handleChat`.
 import { transcribeAudio } from '../stt/transcribe';
 import { registerAgentPanelRoutes } from './agent-panels-routes';
diff --git a/src/servers/api/chat/list-models.ts b/src/servers/api/chat/list-models.ts
index 1e545dcc..3cf8cfb4 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/chat/list-models.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/chat/list-models.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export function invalidateModelCache(): void {
 }
 
 type OpenCodeModel = {
-  capabilities?: { input?: { image?: boolean }; reasoning?: boolean };
+  permissions?: { input?: { image?: boolean }; reasoning?: boolean };
 };
 
 type ProvidersResponse = {
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ async function listOpenCodeModels(): Promise<ModelInfo[]> {
           provider: providerId,
           contextWindow: 200000,
           maxTokens: 8192,
-          reasoning: model?.capabilities?.reasoning ?? false,
+          reasoning: model?.permissions?.reasoning ?? false,
           // Was hardcoded `false`, correctly, while nothing carried images — the composer gates on this
-          // flag, so advertising `true` offered a capability that did not exist. Images are now plumbed
+          // flag, so advertising `true` offered a permission that did not exist. Images are now plumbed
           // through `OpenCodeRunParams` to `opencode run --file`, so the honest answer is the model's
           // own: OpenCode publishes it per model and we had never read it. Defaults to false, so a model
-          // that does not declare the capability keeps the affordance hidden rather than offering it.
-          images: model?.capabilities?.input?.image ?? false,
+          // that does not declare the permission keeps the affordance hidden rather than offering it.
+          images: model?.permissions?.input?.image ?? false,
         });
       }
     }
diff --git a/src/servers/api/plugins/router.ts b/src/servers/api/plugins/router.ts
index 9473d29a..3ae99cb0 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/plugins/router.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/plugins/router.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
 // /api/plugins — what is on this machine, what is installed, and the four verbs that change it.
 //
 // Owner only, in its own right. Installing a plugin mounts routes and (later) starts a process, which is
-// an administrative act however many members share the server. The capability layer covers it too; this
+// an administrative act however many members share the server. The permission layer covers it too; this
 // is the belt to that braces, the same shape `/api/app-store` uses.
 //
 // ── This is not the app store ──
diff --git a/src/servers/api/settings/settings.ts b/src/servers/api/settings/settings.ts
index 93b2182c..017c92e6 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/settings/settings.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/settings/settings.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { createRouter } from '../../create-router';
 import { getUserSettings, setUserSettings, getUserState, patchUserState } from 'officerdb';
-import { selfCapabilitiesRouter } from '../users/capabilities-routes';
+import { selfPermissionsRouter } from '../users/permissions-routes';
 
 const DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
   chat: {
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ const DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
 
 export const settingsRouter = createRouter();
 
-// What the caller may reach. Under /api/user because it is a `core` capability — every account can ask
+// What the caller may reach. Under /api/user because it is a `core` permission — every account can ask
 // what it is allowed to do, including an account that is allowed almost nothing.
-settingsRouter.route('/', selfCapabilitiesRouter);
+settingsRouter.route('/', selfPermissionsRouter);
 
 // GET /settings — return user settings from DB, default if empty
 settingsRouter.get('/settings', async (ctx) => {
diff --git a/src/servers/api/users/capabilities-routes.ts b/src/servers/api/users/permissions-routes.ts
similarity index 61%
rename from src/servers/api/users/capabilities-routes.ts
rename to src/servers/api/users/permissions-routes.ts
index 0d05af10..7754c610 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/users/capabilities-routes.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/users/permissions-routes.ts
@@ -4,36 +4,36 @@ import * as errors from '@@/custom-errors';
 import { isSuperAdmin } from '../../super-admin';
 import { getAllRoleGrants, replaceRoleGrants, USER_ROLES } from 'officerdb';
 import type { UserRole } from 'officerdb';
-import { CAPABILITIES, GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES, CAPABILITY_BY_KEY } from '../../capabilities/registry';
-import { getEffectiveCapabilities, invalidateRoleGrants } from '../../capabilities/authorize';
-import { capabilityAvailability } from '../../app-store/availability';
+import { PERMISSIONS, GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS, PERMISSION_BY_KEY } from '../../permissions/registry';
+import { getEffectivePermissions, invalidateRoleGrants } from '../../permissions/authorize';
+import { permissionAvailability } from '../../app-store/availability';
 import { pluginDockManifests } from '../../plugins/mount';
 
 // Two audiences, deliberately split.
 //
-// `/user/capabilities` answers "what may I do" for the caller, and every account may ask. The dock, the
+// `/user/permissions` answers "what may I do" for the caller, and every account may ask. The dock, the
 // app registry and the route guards all read it, so it is the frontend's whole view of the permission
 // model — and it must never be the frontend's ENFORCEMENT of it. Hiding a dock icon is a courtesy; the
-// 403 from the capability gate is the lock.
+// 403 from the permission gate is the lock.
 //
 // Everything else here is owner-only and edits the policy itself.
 
 const ownerGate: MiddlewareHandler = async (ctx, next) => {
-  if (!(await isSuperAdmin(ctx.get('user')))) throw errors.FORBIDDEN('Capability management is owner-only');
+  if (!(await isSuperAdmin(ctx.get('user')))) throw errors.FORBIDDEN('Permission management is owner-only');
   return next();
 };
 
-/** What the caller may reach. Mounted under /api/user, which is a `core` capability, so nobody is 403'd. */
-export const selfCapabilitiesRouter = createRouter();
+/** What the caller may reach. Mounted under /api/user, which is a `core` permission, so nobody is 403'd. */
+export const selfPermissionsRouter = createRouter();
 
-selfCapabilitiesRouter.get('/capabilities', async (ctx) => {
+selfPermissionsRouter.get('/permissions', async (ctx) => {
   const userId = ctx.get('user').id as number;
-  const { isOwner, grants } = await getEffectiveCapabilities(userId);
+  const { isOwner, grants } = await getEffectivePermissions(userId);
 
   // What EXISTS on this server, which is a different question from what this account may use. A
-  // capability the owner holds unconditionally still means nothing if its sidecar was never installed,
+  // permission the owner holds unconditionally still means nothing if its sidecar was never installed,
   // and the owner is as subject to that as a member — see app-store/availability.ts.
-  const { unavailable, manifests } = await capabilityAvailability();
+  const { unavailable, manifests } = await permissionAvailability();
   // Plugin tiles, alongside the app store's. Two sources today because the app store still has its own
   // catalogue; when it is rebuilt on the plugin system this becomes one.
   const pluginManifests = await pluginDockManifests();
@@ -41,58 +41,58 @@ selfCapabilitiesRouter.get('/capabilities', async (ctx) => {
   // The owner holds everything, and says so by listing it rather than by a flag the frontend has to
   // remember to special-case. One shape for both audiences means one code path in the UI.
   const held = isOwner
-    ? CAPABILITIES.map((c) => ({ key: c.key, level: 'write' as const }))
+    ? PERMISSIONS.map((c) => ({ key: c.key, level: 'write' as const }))
     : [...grants].map(([key, level]) => ({ key, level }));
 
   const heldKeys = new Set(held.map((h) => h.key));
   // Held AND present. Two subtractions rather than one because they mean different things to the UI: a
-  // capability withheld is "not yours", one whose sidecar is absent is "not here yet, install it".
+  // permission withheld is "not yours", one whose sidecar is absent is "not here yet, install it".
   const usable = held.filter(({ key }) => !unavailable.has(key));
 
   return ctx.json({
     isOwner,
-    capabilities: held,
-    /** Capabilities the account holds whose sidecar is not installed or is disabled. */
+    permissions: held,
+    /** Permissions the account holds whose sidecar is not installed or is disabled. */
     unavailable: [...unavailable].filter((key) => heldKeys.has(key)),
     /**
      * Dock tiles and routes belonging to installed sidecars the account may reach.
      *
-     * Filtered by capability here rather than in the client: a member must not be handed the manifest
+     * Filtered by permission here rather than in the client: a member must not be handed the manifest
      * of a feature they cannot use, even to hide it, because "hidden in the client" is the kind of
      * privacy that lasts until someone opens the network tab.
      */
-    plugins: [...manifests, ...pluginManifests].filter((m) => !m.capability || heldKeys.has(m.capability)),
-    // Flattened for the dock and the route guard, which care about paths rather than capability keys.
-    routes: usable.flatMap(({ key }) => CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get(key)?.routes ?? []),
+    plugins: [...manifests, ...pluginManifests].filter((m) => !m.permission || heldKeys.has(m.permission)),
+    // Flattened for the dock and the route guard, which care about paths rather than permission keys.
+    routes: usable.flatMap(({ key }) => PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get(key)?.routes ?? []),
     // The complement, and the frontend genuinely needs both. "Not in `routes`" cannot distinguish a route
-    // this account lacks from a route no capability claims at all — `/`, the settings shell, the sign-in
+    // this account lacks from a route no permission claims at all — `/`, the settings shell, the sign-in
     // screens — and a guard that cannot tell those apart either blanks the app or guards nothing.
-    // Routes of capabilities this account does not hold, PLUS those whose sidecar is not installed. The
+    // Routes of permissions this account does not hold, PLUS those whose sidecar is not installed. The
     // guard treats both the same — there is nothing to show — while `unavailable` above lets the UI
     // explain the second case as something the owner can fix by installing it.
-    deniedRoutes: CAPABILITIES.filter((c) => !heldKeys.has(c.key) || unavailable.has(c.key)).flatMap(
+    deniedRoutes: PERMISSIONS.filter((c) => !heldKeys.has(c.key) || unavailable.has(c.key)).flatMap(
       (c) => c.routes ?? [],
     ),
   });
 });
 
 /** Policy administration. Owner-only, mounted under /api/users. */
-export const capabilityAdminRouter = createRouter();
+export const permissionAdminRouter = createRouter();
 
-capabilityAdminRouter.get('/capabilities', ownerGate, async (ctx) => {
+permissionAdminRouter.get('/permissions', ownerGate, async (ctx) => {
   // Only what this server can actually do RIGHT NOW.
   //
   // The same subtraction the dock already makes, applied to the granting UI — which was showing all
-  // fourteen app capabilities on a fresh install where none of their sidecars existed. Offering to grant
+  // fourteen app permissions on a fresh install where none of their sidecars existed. Offering to grant
   // Photos on a machine with no Immich is not a permission decision, it is a menu of things that would
   // 403 for a different reason than the owner thinks.
   //
-  // Fail open on a degraded read: `capabilityAvailability` returns an empty `unavailable` set when it
+  // Fail open on a degraded read: `permissionAvailability` returns an empty `unavailable` set when it
   // cannot see install state, so the list falls back to everything rather than to nothing. An owner whose
   // Permissions screen emptied itself because one query failed would reasonably conclude the feature broke.
-  const { unavailable } = await capabilityAvailability();
+  const { unavailable } = await permissionAvailability();
 
-  const describe = (c: (typeof GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES)[number]) => ({
+  const describe = (c: (typeof GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS)[number]) => ({
     key: c.key,
     label: c.label,
     description: c.description,
@@ -104,34 +104,44 @@ capabilityAdminRouter.get('/capabilities', ownerGate, async (ctx) => {
   return ctx.json({
     // Only the grantable kinds are offered. `execution` and `admin` are deliberately absent: a UI that
     // shows a checkbox it will refuse to honour is worse than one that never offered it.
-    capabilities: GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES.filter((c) => !unavailable.has(c.key)).map(describe),
+    permissions: GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS.filter((c) => !unavailable.has(c.key)).map(describe),
     // Roles a grant may name. Super Admin is excluded: the owner bypasses this table entirely, and the
     // database refuses a row for that role.
     roles: USER_ROLES.filter((r) => r !== 'Super Admin'),
-    grants: await getAllRoleGrants(),
+    // Mapped rather than passed through: `capability` is the DATABASE's column name, and the wire should
+    // not leak it. Doing it here means renaming the column changes nothing any client can see — and the
+    // round trip below already expects `permission`, so passing the row straight out left the screen
+    // reading `grant.permission` on an object that only had `grant.capability`. Every role rendered as
+    // holding nothing, with no error anywhere.
+    grants: (await getAllRoleGrants()).map(({ role, capability, level }) => ({
+      role,
+      permission: capability,
+      level,
+    })),
   });
 });
 
-capabilityAdminRouter.put('/capabilities/:role', ownerGate, async (ctx) => {
+permissionAdminRouter.put('/permissions/:role', ownerGate, async (ctx) => {
   const role = ctx.req.param('role') as UserRole;
   if (!USER_ROLES.includes(role)) throw errors.BAD_REQUEST(`Unknown role '${role}'`);
   if (role === 'Super Admin') throw errors.BAD_REQUEST('The owner is not governed by grants');
 
   const body = ctx.get('body') as { grants?: unknown } | undefined;
   const raw = body?.grants;
-  if (!Array.isArray(raw)) throw errors.BAD_REQUEST('Expected { grants: [{ capability, level }] }');
+  if (!Array.isArray(raw)) throw errors.BAD_REQUEST('Expected { grants: [{ permission, level }] }');
 
+  // `capability` is the DATABASE's column name; it becomes `permission` when the table is renamed.
   const grants: { capability: string; level: 'read' | 'write' }[] = [];
   for (const entry of raw) {
-    const { capability, level } = (entry ?? {}) as { capability?: unknown; level?: unknown };
-    if (typeof capability !== 'string') throw errors.BAD_REQUEST('Each grant needs a capability key');
-    if (level !== 'read' && level !== 'write') throw errors.BAD_REQUEST(`Bad level for '${capability}'`);
+    const { permission, level } = (entry ?? {}) as { permission?: unknown; level?: unknown };
+    if (typeof permission !== 'string') throw errors.BAD_REQUEST('Each grant needs a permission key');
+    if (level !== 'read' && level !== 'write') throw errors.BAD_REQUEST(`Bad level for '${permission}'`);
 
-    // The registry is the authority on what a capability key means, which is why the column has no CHECK.
+    // The registry is the authority on what a permission key means, which is why the column has no CHECK.
     // This is where that authority is applied — rejecting a name nothing defines, and refusing to store a
     // grant the resolver would drop on read anyway.
-    const known = CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get(capability);
-    if (!known) throw errors.BAD_REQUEST(`Unknown capability '${capability}'`);
+    const known = PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get(permission);
+    if (!known) throw errors.BAD_REQUEST(`Unknown permission '${permission}'`);
     if (known.kind !== 'app' && known.kind !== 'confined') {
       throw errors.BAD_REQUEST(
         known.kind === 'execution'
@@ -139,12 +149,13 @@ capabilityAdminRouter.put('/capabilities/:role', ownerGate, async (ctx) => {
           : `${known.label} is not grantable`,
       );
     }
-    grants.push({ capability, level });
+    // `capability` is the DATABASE's column name until the table rename.
+    grants.push({ capability: permission, level });
   }
 
   await replaceRoleGrants(role, grants);
   // The cache's entire invalidation contract, discharged here. Adding a second writer means adding a
-  // second call to this — see the note on grantCache in capabilities/authorize.ts.
+  // second call to this — see the note on grantCache in permissions/authorize.ts.
   invalidateRoleGrants(role);
 
   return ctx.json({ role, grants });
diff --git a/src/servers/api/users/users-router.ts b/src/servers/api/users/users-router.ts
index ba0114a4..9b30b091 100644
--- a/src/servers/api/users/users-router.ts
+++ b/src/servers/api/users/users-router.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { listUsersHandler, updateUserRoleHandler, deleteUserHandler } from './ma
 import { createUserHandler } from './create-user';
 import { provisionLinuxHandler } from './provision-linux-route';
 import { resetUserPasswordHandler } from './reset-user-password';
-import { capabilityAdminRouter } from './capabilities-routes';
+import { permissionAdminRouter } from './permissions-routes';
 
 export const usersRouter = createRouter();
 usersRouter.use(originMiddleware);
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ usersRouter.use(originMiddleware);
 // Self-update. Any signed-in account may change its own name, username and avatar.
 usersRouter.put('/', updateUserHandler);
 
-// Everything below manages OTHER accounts and is the owner's alone. The global capability gate in
+// Everything below manages OTHER accounts and is the owner's alone. The global permission gate in
 // hono.ts already refuses a non-owner here — `user-admin` is `kind: 'admin'`, so it is
 // not grantable — but that router-level rule cannot see the one exception beside it: `PUT /` is
 // declared `selfService` so every account can edit its own profile. This gate is what keeps that
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ usersRouter.post('/:id/provision-linux', ownerGate, provisionLinuxHandler);
 usersRouter.post('/:id/password', ownerGate, resetUserPasswordHandler);
 usersRouter.delete('/:id', ownerGate, deleteUserHandler);
 
-// Which capabilities each role holds. Owner-gated inside its own router.
-usersRouter.route('/', capabilityAdminRouter);
+// Which permissions each role holds. Owner-gated inside its own router.
+usersRouter.route('/', permissionAdminRouter);
diff --git a/src/servers/app-store/availability.ts b/src/servers/app-store/availability.ts
index fa775a7e..b44d8812 100644
--- a/src/servers/app-store/availability.ts
+++ b/src/servers/app-store/availability.ts
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import { CATALOGUE, type CatalogueEntry } from './catalogue';
 // Which features actually EXIST on this server right now — as opposed to which the account is permitted
 // to use.
 //
-// ── Why this is separate from capabilities ──
+// ── Why this is separate from permissions ──
 //
-// They answer different questions and combining them would get the owner wrong. A capability asks "may
+// They answer different questions and combining them would get the owner wrong. A permission asks "may
 // this account use Photos"; the owner bypasses that entirely and always may. Installation asks "is there
 // a Photos on this machine at all", and the owner is as subject to it as anyone — installing nothing
 // leaves nothing to use.
@@ -17,20 +17,20 @@ import { CATALOGUE, type CatalogueEntry } from './catalogue';
 //
 // ── Why it is computed here and not in the client ──
 //
-// The dock already reads one list from `/capabilities`. Making it read a second and intersect the two
+// The dock already reads one list from `/permissions`. Making it read a second and intersect the two
 // puts the rule in the UI, where a member's dock and an owner's dock can drift apart, and where a
 // third-party plugin would have to be taught about it. Subtracting server-side keeps one answer.
 
 /**
- * Capability key → the sidecar that has to be installed for it to mean anything.
+ * Permission key → the sidecar that has to be installed for it to mean anything.
  *
- * Includes `alsoServes`, because one sidecar can back more than one capability: Headscale serves both the
+ * Includes `alsoServes`, because one sidecar can back more than one permission: Headscale serves both the
  * owner's tailnet administration and a member enrolling their own device, and only listing the first left the
  * second looking available on a machine that had no Headscale.
  */
-const CAPABILITY_TO_SIDECAR = new Map(
+const PERMISSION_TO_SIDECAR = new Map(
   CATALOGUE.flatMap((entry) =>
-    [entry.capability, ...(entry.alsoServes ?? [])].filter((key): key is string => !!key).map((key) => [key, entry.id]),
+    [entry.permission, ...(entry.alsoServes ?? [])].filter((key): key is string => !!key).map((key) => [key, entry.id]),
   ) as Array<[string, string]>,
 );
 
@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@ export type Availability = {
   /**
    * UI manifests of the sidecars that ARE usable — what the dock should show beyond the baseline.
    *
-   * Sent with the capability answer rather than fetched separately so the dock has one source. Two
+   * Sent with the permission answer rather than fetched separately so the dock has one source. Two
    * requests would mean two moments, and a dock rendered between them shows either a tile for something
    * uninstalled or nothing for something installed.
    */
-  manifests: Array<{ sidecarId: string; capability: string | null } & NonNullable<CatalogueEntry['ui']>>;
-  /** Capability keys whose sidecar is not installed, or is installed but disabled. */
+  manifests: Array<{ sidecarId: string; permission: string | null } & NonNullable<CatalogueEntry['ui']>>;
+  /** Permission keys whose sidecar is not installed, or is installed but disabled. */
   unavailable: Set<string>;
   /**
    * True when install state could not be read.
    *
-   * The caller then subtracts NOTHING. Same reasoning as `useCapabilities` failing open: a member seeing
+   * The caller then subtracts NOTHING. Same reasoning as `usePermissions` failing open: a member seeing
    * an icon that leads to an unavailable screen is a bad minute, while an owner whose whole dock vanished
    * because a query failed is an incident. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.
    */
@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ export type Availability = {
 };
 
 /**
- * What is missing on this server, by capability key.
+ * What is missing on this server, by permission key.
  *
  * A sidecar that is installed but DISABLED counts as unavailable, deliberately. Disable stops the
  * process and its container, so the feature genuinely does not work — leaving its icon in place would
  * make disable look broken rather than effective.
  */
-export async function capabilityAvailability(): Promise<Availability> {
+export async function permissionAvailability(): Promise<Availability> {
   const unavailable = new Set<string>();
 
   let installs;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export async function capabilityAvailability(): Promise<Availability> {
     installs = await listSidecarInstalls();
   } catch {
     // Degraded: subtract nothing, and offer no manifests. The dock keeps its baseline rather than
-    // guessing, which is the same fail-open posture as useCapabilities.
+    // guessing, which is the same fail-open posture as usePermissions.
     return { unavailable, manifests: [], degraded: true };
   }
 
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ export async function capabilityAvailability(): Promise<Availability> {
     installs.filter((row) => row.status === 'installed' && row.enabled).map((row) => row.sidecarId),
   );
 
-  for (const [capability, sidecarId] of CAPABILITY_TO_SIDECAR) {
-    if (!usable.has(sidecarId)) unavailable.add(capability);
+  for (const [permission, sidecarId] of PERMISSION_TO_SIDECAR) {
+    if (!usable.has(sidecarId)) unavailable.add(permission);
   }
 
   const manifests = CATALOGUE.filter((e) => e.ui && usable.has(e.id)).map((e) => ({
     sidecarId: e.id,
-    capability: e.capability,
+    permission: e.permission,
     ...e.ui!,
   }));
 
diff --git a/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.test.ts b/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.test.ts
index 995e65ea..9609f7ab 100644
--- a/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.test.ts
+++ b/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'bun:test';
 import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { CATALOGUE, byId } from './catalogue';
-import { CAPABILITIES } from '../capabilities/registry';
+import { PERMISSIONS } from '../permissions/registry';
 
 // The catalogue is a hand-written list describing machinery that lives elsewhere, which is the shape of
 // thing that rots silently. These tests pin it to what it claims to agree with.
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ describe('entries are internally coherent', () => {
   });
 });
 
-describe('capabilities it claims to back', () => {
-  it('names a capability that exists, or explicitly none', () => {
+describe('permissions it claims to back', () => {
+  it('names a permission that exists, or explicitly none', () => {
     // `null` is a real answer — notify has no surface of its own — but a WRONG key would silently
     // detach the store entry from the permission that governs the feature.
-    const keys = new Set(CAPABILITIES.map((c) => c.key));
+    const keys = new Set(PERMISSIONS.map((c) => c.key));
     for (const entry of CATALOGUE) {
-      if (entry.capability === null) continue;
-      expect(keys).toContain(entry.capability);
+      if (entry.permission === null) continue;
+      expect(keys).toContain(entry.permission);
     }
   });
 });
@@ -148,13 +148,13 @@ describe('the UI manifest each sidecar carries', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  it('claims routes that the capability registry agrees it owns', () => {
+  it('claims routes that the permission registry agrees it owns', () => {
     // The manifest drives the dock; the registry drives the server-side guard. If they disagree, a tile
     // appears for a route the account is refused — or worse, a route is guarded by nothing.
-    const byKey = new Map(CAPABILITIES.map((c) => [c.key, c]));
+    const byKey = new Map(PERMISSIONS.map((c) => [c.key, c]));
     for (const entry of CATALOGUE) {
-      if (!entry.ui || !entry.capability) continue;
-      const declared = byKey.get(entry.capability)?.routes ?? [];
+      if (!entry.ui || !entry.permission) continue;
+      const declared = byKey.get(entry.permission)?.routes ?? [];
       for (const route of entry.ui.routes) expect(declared).toContain(route);
     }
   });
diff --git a/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.ts b/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.ts
index 89146b7e..b60a5efc 100644
--- a/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.ts
+++ b/src/servers/app-store/catalogue.ts
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export type UiManifest = {
   /**
    * Every frontend route this sidecar owns, `rootRoute` included.
    *
-   * Separate from `rootRoute` because a feature can own more than one path — the capability registry
+   * Separate from `rootRoute` because a feature can own more than one path — the permission registry
    * already lists `/caldav` and `/dav` together — and the guard needs all of them while the dock needs
    * exactly one.
    */
@@ -108,18 +108,18 @@ export type CatalogueEntry = {
   /** Which of the three shapes this sidecar supports, in the order the UI should offer them. */
   modes: InstallMode[];
   /**
-   * The capability this sidecar backs, from `capabilities/registry.ts`. Null where the sidecar has no
+   * The permission this sidecar backs, from `permissions/registry.ts`. Null where the sidecar has no
    * user-facing surface of its own (notify produces notifications for other features).
    *
    * This is also the key the sidecar's dock manifest is filtered by, which is why it is one value and not a
    * list — a tile belongs to one feature.
    */
-  capability: string | null;
+  permission: string | null;
   /**
-   * Other capabilities that stop working when this sidecar is absent, for availability only.
+   * Other permissions that stop working when this sidecar is absent, for availability only.
    *
    * Headscale is the case: one sidecar serves both `headscale` (administering the tailnet, owner-only) and
-   * `vpn` (a member enrolling their own device). With only `capability` to go on, `vpn` was never subtracted,
+   * `vpn` (a member enrolling their own device). With only `permission` to go on, `vpn` was never subtracted,
    * so the Permissions screen offered it on a machine with no Headscale at all — a grant that would have
    * produced a refusal the owner could not account for.
    */
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Your Immich library — browse, search, upload from the phone',
     members: 'accounts',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    capability: 'photos',
+    permission: 'photos',
     composeTemplate: 'immich',
     existingFields: [
       { key: 'url', label: 'Immich URL', type: 'url', required: true, placeholder: 'https://photos.example.com' },
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Films and shows, with a player that handles direct, HLS and progressive',
     members: 'accounts',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    capability: 'jellyfin',
+    permission: 'jellyfin',
     composeTemplate: 'jellyfin',
     existingFields: [
       { key: 'url', label: 'Jellyfin URL', type: 'url', required: true, placeholder: 'https://jellyfin.example.com' },
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Quick notes, tagged and searchable',
     members: 'accounts',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    capability: 'memos',
+    permission: 'memos',
     composeTemplate: 'memos',
     existingFields: [
       { key: 'url', label: 'Memos URL', type: 'url', required: true },
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'InvoiceShelf — clients, estimates and invoices',
     members: 'accounts',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    capability: 'invoices',
+    permission: 'invoices',
     composeTemplate: 'invoiceshelf',
     existingFields: [
       { key: 'url', label: 'InvoiceShelf URL', type: 'url', required: true },
@@ -237,16 +237,16 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Vaultwarden — passwords, reachable by the Bitwarden apps',
     members: 'invite',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    // No capability entry exists for this one, and the reason is about CREDENTIALS, not routing.
+    // No permission entry exists for this one, and the reason is about CREDENTIALS, not routing.
     //
     // Every request still goes through us: `/api/vault` is mounted on vaultRouter and forwarded by the
     // officer-vault sidecar to Vaultwarden. The Bitwarden clients never reach Vaultwarden directly.
     //
     // What they do NOT carry is a platform JWT — they present their own Vaultwarden bearer token — so
-    // `userMiddleware` would 401 them and a capability lookup would have no account to resolve. Hence
+    // `userMiddleware` would 401 them and a permission lookup would have no account to resolve. Hence
     // `/vault` sits in EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES, gated by origin scoping and Vaultwarden's own auth instead.
     // The install still governs whether the sidecar runs at all.
-    capability: null,
+    permission: null,
     composeTemplate: 'vaultwarden',
     existingFields: [{ key: 'url', label: 'Vaultwarden URL', type: 'url', required: true }],
   },
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Torrents, with the daemon Officer talks to over RPC',
     members: 'none',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    capability: 'transmission',
+    permission: 'transmission',
     composeTemplate: 'transmission',
     existingFields: [
       {
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'slskd — search and download from the Soulseek network',
     members: 'none',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    capability: 'soulseek',
+    permission: 'soulseek',
     composeTemplate: 'slskd',
     existingFields: [
       { key: 'url', label: 'slskd URL', type: 'url', required: true },
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Radicale — calendars and contacts over CalDAV/CardDAV',
     members: 'accounts',
     modes: ['existing', 'provisioned'],
-    capability: 'calendar',
+    permission: 'calendar',
     composeTemplate: 'radicale',
     existingFields: [{ key: 'url', label: 'CalDAV URL', type: 'url', required: true }],
   },
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     // runs — on this machine, on another, or hosted. Provisioning one would mean owning the migration,
     // backup and upgrade story for a service that is nobody's side feature.
     modes: ['existing'],
-    capability: 'gitea',
+    permission: 'gitea',
     existingFields: [
       { key: 'url', label: 'Gitea URL', type: 'url', required: true, placeholder: 'https://gitea.example.com' },
       {
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Your IMAP accounts, synced and searchable',
     members: 'none',
     modes: ['config'],
-    capability: 'email',
+    permission: 'email',
     // Deliberately empty: accounts are added from /email, which already has a working multi-account
     // form. Duplicating it here would be a second place to maintain the same credentials.
     configFields: [],
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
   // Music was here until 2026-08-15, when it became `plugins/music/`. Removing it was not tidying — it
   // was the headscale bug above, exactly, and it would have fired on the first install.
   //
-  // `capabilityAvailability` reads `sidecar_installs`, and a PLUGIN never gets a row there: its install
+  // `permissionAvailability` reads `sidecar_installs`, and a PLUGIN never gets a row there: its install
   // state lives in `plugin_installs`. So `music` would have been permanently `unavailable`, which puts
   // `/music` into `deniedRoutes` — the screen blank and the dock tile withheld on a server where the
   // plugin was installed, enabled and healthy. The same shape as headscale, found by reading that note
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Bitcoin and Lightning, with keys held by the sidecar alone',
     members: 'none',
     modes: ['config'],
-    capability: 'wallet',
+    permission: 'wallet',
     configFields: [],
   },
   {
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Push to your phone when a job finishes or a turn needs you',
     members: 'none',
     modes: ['config'],
-    capability: 'notify',
+    permission: 'notify',
     configFields: [],
   },
   {
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ export const CATALOGUE: CatalogueEntry[] = [
     summary: 'Mirror this machine’s display in the browser',
     members: 'none',
     modes: ['config'],
-    capability: 'desktop',
+    permission: 'desktop',
     // x11vnc against an Xorg display. There is nothing to mirror on a headless box or on macOS, so the
     // store should say so rather than install something that starts and immediately fails.
     requires: 'linux-display',
diff --git a/src/servers/app-store/paths.ts b/src/servers/app-store/paths.ts
index cd106f80..6f1c75af 100644
--- a/src/servers/app-store/paths.ts
+++ b/src/servers/app-store/paths.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { OFFICER_ROOT } from '../data-path';
 //     platform/     the app
 //     data/         DATA_PATH — managed homes, attachments, job logs
 //     dockers/      services the app store provisioned          <- this file
-//     capabilities/ the file-based item store
+//     permissions/ the file-based item store
 //
 // One root, everything under it, nothing scattered. `OFFICER_ROOT` is derived from `DATA_PATH` rather
 // than configured separately, because a second environment variable that must agree with the first is a
diff --git a/src/servers/auth-token.ts b/src/servers/auth-token.ts
index 0e62be03..1fe68ab9 100644
--- a/src/servers/auth-token.ts
+++ b/src/servers/auth-token.ts
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ import { verify } from './jwt';
 // ── One resolver, two doors ──
 //
 // Identity is decided in TWO independent middlewares: `userMiddleware`, which every protected router
-// mounts, and `capabilityGateMiddleware`, which runs globally in hono.ts and re-verifies the token itself
+// mounts, and `permissionGateMiddleware`, which runs globally in hono.ts and re-verifies the token itself
 // because it must also cover routes that never mount `userMiddleware`. They have to agree about who a
 // caller is, and the way they stop agreeing is somebody teaching one of them a credential format the
 // other has never heard of — the second door would then see an unrecognisable token, resolve nobody, and
 // wave the request through its account backstop.
 //
-// That is not a hypothetical failure here: the capability totality check exists because a Member was
+// That is not a hypothetical failure here: the permission totality check exists because a Member was
 // 403ing on GET /api/tasks and opening /api/tasks/pipeline/ws in the same minute. So `resolveAuthToken`
 // is the only function that turns a bearer string into a caller, and both doors call it.
 
diff --git a/src/servers/data-path.ts b/src/servers/data-path.ts
index 18f8126b..55976fb0 100644
--- a/src/servers/data-path.ts
+++ b/src/servers/data-path.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export const OFFICER_ITEMS_DIR = join(OFFICER_ROOT, 'capabilities');
 /**
  * Refuse to boot when the working directory is not the platform repo.
  *
- * Same posture as `assertCapabilityTotality` and `assertSecretsClosed`: a prerequisite that silently
+ * Same posture as `assertPermissionTotality` and `assertSecretsClosed`: a prerequisite that silently
  * not holding is worse than one that fails. Every path in this file hangs off `resolve(process.cwd(), '..')`,
  * so a process started from the wrong directory does not error — it computes a plausible root somewhere
  * else and writes managed homes, capabilities and agent runs into it. The install looks empty and the
diff --git a/src/servers/hono.ts b/src/servers/hono.ts
index 8e8a6388..9e3d5df7 100644
--- a/src/servers/hono.ts
+++ b/src/servers/hono.ts
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ import { integrationsRouter, googleCallbackHandler } from './api/integrations/in
 import { queueRouter } from './api/queue/queue';
 // import { emailRouter } from './api/email/router';
 // The browser relay is switched off — see server.tsx. Restoring this mount means restoring the
-// registry's claim on '/browser' in the same commit, or assertCapabilityTotality refuses to boot.
+// registry's claim on '/browser' in the same commit, or assertPermissionTotality refuses to boot.
 // import { browserRouter } from './api/browser/router';
 // import { desktopRouter } from './api/desktop/rest';
 import { bugReportRouter } from './api/bug-report/bug-report';
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ import { agentStatusRouter } from './api/agent-status/router';
 import { chatRouter } from './api/chat/chat';
 import { pipelineJobsRouter } from './api/tasks/pipeline-jobs-routes';
 import { CustomError } from './custom-errors';
-import { userMiddleware, bodyParser, capabilityGateMiddleware } from './_middlewares';
+import { userMiddleware, bodyParser, permissionGateMiddleware } from './_middlewares';
 
 export { Hono };
 export { createRouter };
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ export type MountedPlugin = { prefix: string; router: ReturnType<typeof createRo
 // Origin checking was removed on 2026-08-13, so CORS echoes back whatever Origin it is given. That is
 // not a loosening: the check it replaced defaulted to off, so this is what every real install already
 // did. The perimeter is the tailnet and the lock is a valid token on every protected route, plus the
-// capability gate below.
+// permission gate below.
 const corsMiddleware = cors({
   origin: (origin) => origin ?? '*',
   allowMethods: ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE'],
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ const isDavPath = (path: string) =>
 
 // The mount table, as DATA rather than forty statements.
 //
-// The reason is the capability registry: assertCapabilityTotality refuses to boot unless every mounted
-// prefix maps to exactly one capability, and that check is only worth anything if it reads the real mount
+// The reason is the permission registry: assertPermissionTotality refuses to boot unless every mounted
+// prefix maps to exactly one permission, and that check is only worth anything if it reads the real mount
 // list. A hand-copied second list would drift, and the drift would be invisible until someone tried a
 // prefix nobody had gated — which is precisely how the websocket hole happened.
 //
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ const PROTECTED_MOUNTS: [prefix: string, router: ReturnType<typeof createRouter>
   ['/scrape', scrapeRouter],
   ['/upload', uploadRouter],
   ['/user', settingsRouter],
-  ['/api-keys', apiKeysRouter], // your own keys; the `account` core capability covers it
+  ['/api-keys', apiKeysRouter], // your own keys; the `account` core permission covers it
   ['/dashboards', dashboardsRouter],
   ['/file-browser', fileBrowserRouter],
   // ['/slskd', slskdRouter],  // plugin — switched off 2026-08-13
@@ -161,12 +161,12 @@ const PROTECTED_MOUNTS: [prefix: string, router: ReturnType<typeof createRouter>
   // ['/desktop', desktopRouter],  // plugin — switched off 2026-08-13
 ];
 
-/** Every prefix served behind the account gate. Read by the capability totality check at boot. */
+/** Every prefix served behind the account gate. Read by the permission totality check at boot. */
 export const PROTECTED_API_PREFIXES: string[] = PROTECTED_MOUNTS.map(([prefix]) => prefix);
 
 /**
- * Mounted above the account gate, and so exempt from capability checks — see EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES in
- * capabilities/totality.ts, which has to justify each one.
+ * Mounted above the account gate, and so exempt from permission checks — see EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES in
+ * permissions/totality.ts, which has to justify each one.
  */
 export const UNPROTECTED_API_PREFIXES: string[] = [
   '/auth',
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ export function buildHonoApp(plugins: MountedPlugin[] = []): Hono<{ Variables: H
 
   // The authorization gate: a valid non-owner token reaches only what its role grants. Ahead of every
   // router, and it re-verifies the token itself so it covers routes that never mount userMiddleware.
-  app.use(capabilityGateMiddleware);
+  app.use(permissionGateMiddleware);
 
   app.get('/api', (ctx) => ctx.json({ officerAPI: 'ok' }));
   app.route('/api/auth', authRouter);
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ export function buildHonoApp(plugins: MountedPlugin[] = []): Hono<{ Variables: H
 
   // Agent-to-agent handoff — mounted TOP-LEVEL for the same reason the vault is: the caller is a Claude
   // session running a curl, and it carries a per-panel bearer token rather than a platform session JWT,
-  // so userMiddleware would 401 it and a capability lookup would have no account to resolve. The token
+  // so userMiddleware would 401 it and a permission lookup would have no account to resolve. The token
   // identifies exactly one agent panel and authorises exactly one action: deliver a prompt to a named
   // peer on that panel's own dashboard. See servers/api/agent-handoff/router.ts.
   app.route('/api/agent-handoff', agentHandoffRouter);
diff --git a/src/servers/os-user-docker.ts b/src/servers/os-user-docker.ts
index d209944d..191c6666 100644
--- a/src/servers/os-user-docker.ts
+++ b/src/servers/os-user-docker.ts
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import { runAs } from './os-user';
 // ── The costs, stated rather than discovered ──
 //
 // Each account has its own image cache, so three members pulling postgres:16 store it three times. Ports
-// below 1024 need an explicit capability grant. Both are acceptable for what this buys; neither is hidden.
+// below 1024 need an explicit permission grant. Both are acceptable for what this buys; neither is hidden.
 
 /** Their own daemon's socket. The value `DOCKER_HOST` must point at. */
 export const dockerSocketFor = (uid: number): string => `/run/user/${uid}/docker.sock`;
diff --git a/src/servers/os-user-postgres.ts b/src/servers/os-user-postgres.ts
index 32dacc1d..e0c2d367 100644
--- a/src/servers/os-user-postgres.ts
+++ b/src/servers/os-user-postgres.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import { osUserHome, runAs } from './os-user';
 //     default privileges, which for a database means PUBLIC holds CONNECT and TEMPORARY. That is why
 //     `ensureAppDatabaseClosed` exists and why it runs before any role is created.
 //   - Once connected it can NOT read an application table. Table privileges default to owner-only and
-//     nothing grants to PUBLIC — `has_table_privilege('users','UPDATE')` is false. So the capability model
+//     nothing grants to PUBLIC — `has_table_privilege('users','UPDATE')` is false. So the permission model
 //     was never reachable from here; the exposure was catalogue metadata, not data.
 //   - Revoking from the ROLE does not help. Postgres privileges are additive and there is no DENY, so a
 //     PUBLIC grant is not overridden by a role-level revoke. Revoking from PUBLIC is the only lock.
diff --git a/src/servers/os-user.ts b/src/servers/os-user.ts
index 1d91410a..d58b8d62 100644
--- a/src/servers/os-user.ts
+++ b/src/servers/os-user.ts
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ export async function hardenOwnerHome(): Promise<{ ok: boolean; closed: string[]
  *
  * `platform/.env` was 664 on this machine when this was written — world-readable, holding the JWT signing
  * secret and `POSTGRES_URL`. A member with a shell could read it and mint an owner token, which would
- * leave the capability model intact and entirely bypassed.
+ * leave the permission model intact and entirely bypassed.
  *
  * Checked at boot rather than documented, because a prerequisite that is only written down is one that
  * gets skipped. Returns the offending paths; the caller decides whether that is fatal.
@@ -599,10 +599,10 @@ export async function findReadableSecrets(projectDir: string): Promise<string[]>
 /**
  * Refuse to boot while a secret in the project tree is readable by other accounts on this machine.
  *
- * Same posture as `assertCapabilityTotality`, and for the same reason: this is a prerequisite that
+ * Same posture as `assertPermissionTotality`, and for the same reason: this is a prerequisite that
  * silently not holding would make the whole feature theatre. Confirmed exploitable while testing — a
  * member's shell read `platform/.env` and printed `JWT_SECRET`, which is enough to mint an owner token and
- * bypass every capability check in the codebase.
+ * bypass every permission check in the codebase.
  *
  * Unconditional. It was a no-op unless `OFFICER_OS_USERS` was set, which made the guarantee opt-in — and
  * a security prerequisite that only holds when someone remembers a flag is not a prerequisite.
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ export async function assertSecretsClosed(projectDir: string): Promise<void> {
       ...readable.map((p) => `  • ${p}`),
       '',
       'A member with a shell can read them. JWT_SECRET alone is enough to mint an owner token, which',
-      'bypasses every capability check. Fix with:',
+      'bypasses every permission check. Fix with:',
       '',
       ...readable.map((p) => `  chmod 600 ${p}`),
       '',
diff --git a/src/servers/capabilities/authorize.ts b/src/servers/permissions/authorize.ts
similarity index 68%
rename from src/servers/capabilities/authorize.ts
rename to src/servers/permissions/authorize.ts
index 276cdd47..dabc6016 100644
--- a/src/servers/capabilities/authorize.ts
+++ b/src/servers/permissions/authorize.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import { getUserById, getRoleGrants } from 'officerdb';
 import type { UserRole } from 'officerdb';
 import {
-  CAPABILITY_BY_KEY,
+  PERMISSION_BY_KEY,
   CORE_CAPABILITIES,
-  capabilityForApiPath,
-  capabilityForWsProvider,
+  permissionForApiPath,
+  permissionForWsProvider,
   isRequestAllowedAtLevel,
   isSelfServiceRoute,
-  type CapabilityLevel,
+  type PermissionLevel,
 } from './registry';
 
 // Resolving "may this account do this". Every deny path in the platform ends up here.
@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ import {
 //
 //   1. The owner bypasses everything. isSuperAdmin is the single question asked first, and a Super Admin
 //      never consults the grants table — which is why the schema refuses to store a row for that role.
-//   2. Everyone else gets core capabilities plus whatever their ROLE has been granted, and nothing else.
-//      An unrecognised capability, a missing row, a database error, a user who no longer exists: all deny.
+//   2. Everyone else gets core permissions plus whatever their ROLE has been granted, and nothing else.
+//      An unrecognised permission, a missing row, a database error, a user who no longer exists: all deny.
 //
 // Fail-closed is not decoration here. This function is what stands between a Member and a shell, and the
 // failure mode of a permissive default is not a bug report — it is someone else's session. Every catch in
 // this file returns "no", and none of them log-and-continue.
 
-export type EffectiveCapabilities = {
+export type EffectivePermissions = {
   isOwner: boolean;
-  /** Capability key → level. Empty for an account with nothing granted; the owner's is never consulted. */
-  grants: Map<string, CapabilityLevel>;
+  /** Permission key → level. Empty for an account with nothing granted; the owner's is never consulted. */
+  grants: Map<string, PermissionLevel>;
 };
 
 // ── Grant cache ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export type EffectiveCapabilities = {
 // grants API in api/users, which calls invalidateRoleGrants on every mutation, in this same process. That
 // is the entire set of writers; if a second one ever appears it has to call this too, which is why the
 // cache and its invalidator live in the same file as the reader that depends on them.
-const grantCache = new Map<UserRole, Map<string, CapabilityLevel>>();
+const grantCache = new Map<UserRole, Map<string, PermissionLevel>>();
 
 /** Called by every path that writes a grant. Clears one role, or all of them. */
 export function invalidateRoleGrants(role?: UserRole): void {
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ export function invalidateRoleGrants(role?: UserRole): void {
   else grantCache.clear();
 }
 
-async function grantsForRole(role: UserRole): Promise<Map<string, CapabilityLevel>> {
+async function grantsForRole(role: UserRole): Promise<Map<string, PermissionLevel>> {
   const cached = grantCache.get(role);
   if (cached) return cached;
-  const grants = (await getRoleGrants(role)) as Map<string, CapabilityLevel>;
+  const grants = (await getRoleGrants(role)) as Map<string, PermissionLevel>;
   grantCache.set(role, grants);
   return grants;
 }
@@ -57,15 +57,15 @@ async function grantsForRole(role: UserRole): Promise<Map<string, CapabilityLeve
 /**
  * What this account may reach, resolved from its role.
  *
- * Core capabilities come in at `write` unconditionally: they are the caller's own profile, dock and bug
+ * Core permissions come in at `write` unconditionally: they are the caller's own profile, dock and bug
  * reports, and a read-only version of "change your own password" is not a coherent thing to offer.
  *
- * `execution` and `admin` capabilities are dropped even if a row somehow grants them. The API refuses to
+ * `execution` and `admin` permissions are dropped even if a row somehow grants them. The API refuses to
  * write such a row, but this is the layer that has to hold if one ever exists — a constraint the database
  * does not enforce is a constraint the reader must.
  */
-export async function getEffectiveCapabilities(userId: number | undefined): Promise<EffectiveCapabilities> {
-  const empty: EffectiveCapabilities = { isOwner: false, grants: new Map() };
+export async function getEffectivePermissions(userId: number | undefined): Promise<EffectivePermissions> {
+  const empty: EffectivePermissions = { isOwner: false, grants: new Map() };
   if (!userId) return empty;
 
   try {
@@ -73,20 +73,20 @@ export async function getEffectiveCapabilities(userId: number | undefined): Prom
     if (!user) return empty;
     if (user.role === 'Super Admin') return { isOwner: true, grants: new Map() };
 
-    const grants = new Map<string, CapabilityLevel>();
-    for (const capability of CORE_CAPABILITIES) grants.set(capability.key, 'write');
+    const grants = new Map<string, PermissionLevel>();
+    for (const permission of CORE_CAPABILITIES) grants.set(permission.key, 'write');
 
-    // Whether the kernel can enforce a boundary for this account. `confined` capabilities are dropped
+    // Whether the kernel can enforce a boundary for this account. `confined` permissions are dropped
     // without it — see below.
     const hasOsAccount = !!user.osUser;
 
     for (const [key, level] of await grantsForRole(user.role)) {
-      const capability = CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get(key);
-      // Unknown key: a capability that was renamed or removed while a grant survived. Ignore it — the
+      const permission = PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get(key);
+      // Unknown key: a permission that was renamed or removed while a grant survived. Ignore it — the
       // alternative is honouring a name nothing defines.
-      if (!capability) continue;
+      if (!permission) continue;
 
-      // A confined capability touches the filesystem or runs a process, and is safe only because the
+      // A confined permission touches the filesystem or runs a process, and is safe only because the
       // account has its own Linux user to be confined to. Without one there is no boundary, so the grant
       // resolves to nothing rather than to the owner's home — which is what it WOULD resolve to, since
       // `getOwnerHomeDir` ignores the email it is passed, always.
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ export async function getEffectiveCapabilities(userId: number | undefined): Prom
       // Dropped here rather than refused per-router so that one rule covers the HTTP routes, the
       // websocket doors and the dock all at once. A member with `files` granted but no OS account sees no
       // Files icon, gets a 403 from /api/file-browser, and cannot open the terminal socket — from this.
-      if (capability.kind === 'confined') {
+      if (permission.kind === 'confined') {
         if (!hasOsAccount) continue;
         grants.set(key, level);
         continue;
       }
 
-      if (capability.kind !== 'app') continue;
+      if (permission.kind !== 'app') continue;
       grants.set(key, level);
     }
 
@@ -122,31 +122,31 @@ export async function isApiRequestAllowed(
   method: string,
   path: string,
 ): Promise<{ allowed: boolean; reason?: string }> {
-  const { isOwner, grants } = await getEffectiveCapabilities(userId);
+  const { isOwner, grants } = await getEffectivePermissions(userId);
   if (isOwner) return { allowed: true };
 
-  const capability = capabilityForApiPath(path);
-  // Totality guarantees every mounted, non-exempt prefix maps to a capability, so reaching this branch
+  const permission = permissionForApiPath(path);
+  // Totality guarantees every mounted, non-exempt prefix maps to a permission, so reaching this branch
   // means either an exempt prefix (which the caller checks before us) or a path nothing serves. Deny:
   // a 403 on a route that does not exist is not a leak, and a permissive default here would be.
-  if (!capability) return { allowed: false, reason: 'no capability covers this path' };
+  if (!permission) return { allowed: false, reason: 'no permission covers this path' };
 
   // Checked before kind, because a self-service route acts on the caller and is therefore not the thing
-  // the capability around it restricts. Exact method and path only — see the field's comment.
-  if (isSelfServiceRoute(capability, method, path)) return { allowed: true };
+  // the permission around it restricts. Exact method and path only — see the field's comment.
+  if (isSelfServiceRoute(permission, method, path)) return { allowed: true };
 
-  if (capability.kind === 'execution') {
-    return { allowed: false, reason: `${capability.label} runs as the server owner and cannot be shared` };
+  if (permission.kind === 'execution') {
+    return { allowed: false, reason: `${permission.label} runs as the server owner and cannot be shared` };
   }
-  if (capability.kind === 'admin') {
-    return { allowed: false, reason: `${capability.label} is restricted to the server owner` };
+  if (permission.kind === 'admin') {
+    return { allowed: false, reason: `${permission.label} is restricted to the server owner` };
   }
 
-  const level = grants.get(capability.key);
-  if (!level) return { allowed: false, reason: `your role does not have access to ${capability.label}` };
+  const level = grants.get(permission.key);
+  if (!level) return { allowed: false, reason: `your role does not have access to ${permission.label}` };
 
-  if (!isRequestAllowedAtLevel(capability, level, method, path)) {
-    return { allowed: false, reason: `you have read-only access to ${capability.label}` };
+  if (!isRequestAllowedAtLevel(permission, level, method, path)) {
+    return { allowed: false, reason: `you have read-only access to ${permission.label}` };
   }
   return { allowed: true };
 }
@@ -154,21 +154,21 @@ export async function isApiRequestAllowed(
 /**
  * May this account open this WebSocket provider?
  *
- * There is no method to reason about, so a socket needs the capability at any level.
+ * There is no method to reason about, so a socket needs the permission at any level.
  *
  * That rule was written for cliamp and cliamp-audio — the music app's playback transport, and the only
  * grantable sockets there have ever been. Both left on 2026-08-15 with `plugins/music/cliamp/`, so every
- * provider reaching here today belongs to an `execution` capability and is refused above, structurally,
+ * provider reaching here today belongs to an `execution` permission and is refused above, structurally,
  * rather than by being left off a list. The rule stays because the first plugin to own a socket needs it.
  */
 export async function isWsProviderAllowed(userId: number | undefined, provider: string): Promise<boolean> {
-  const { isOwner, grants } = await getEffectiveCapabilities(userId);
+  const { isOwner, grants } = await getEffectivePermissions(userId);
   if (isOwner) return true;
 
-  const capability = capabilityForWsProvider(provider);
-  // `confined` is admissible here as well as `app`: getEffectiveCapabilities has already dropped confined
+  const permission = permissionForWsProvider(provider);
+  // `confined` is admissible here as well as `app`: getEffectivePermissions has already dropped confined
   // grants for an account with no Linux user, so reaching this line with one in `grants` means the boundary
   // exists. Anything still `execution` is refused structurally, by not being in the map at all.
-  if (!capability || (capability.kind !== 'app' && capability.kind !== 'confined')) return false;
-  return grants.has(capability.key);
+  if (!permission || (permission.kind !== 'app' && permission.kind !== 'confined')) return false;
+  return grants.has(permission.key);
 }
diff --git a/src/servers/capabilities/registry.test.ts b/src/servers/permissions/registry.test.ts
similarity index 70%
rename from src/servers/capabilities/registry.test.ts
rename to src/servers/permissions/registry.test.ts
index 3ed91c47..c6a3f514 100644
--- a/src/servers/capabilities/registry.test.ts
+++ b/src/servers/permissions/registry.test.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test';
-import type { Capability } from './registry';
+import type { Permission } from './registry';
 import {
-  CAPABILITIES,
-  CAPABILITY_BY_KEY,
-  GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES,
-  capabilityForApiPath,
-  capabilityForWsProvider,
+  PERMISSIONS,
+  PERMISSION_BY_KEY,
+  GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS,
+  permissionForApiPath,
+  permissionForWsProvider,
   isRequestAllowedAtLevel,
   isSelfServiceRoute,
 } from './registry';
-import { assertCapabilityTotality, isExemptApiPath } from './totality';
+import { assertPermissionTotality, isExemptApiPath } from './totality';
 
 // The database-backed half (authorize.ts) is exercised against the live schema; this file covers the pure
 // half, which is where the rules actually live. Everything here runs without a database.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import { assertCapabilityTotality, isExemptApiPath } from './totality';
 // Mirrors the `handlers` map in server.tsx by hand, which is itself the drift this file keeps catching.
 // `cliamp` and `cliamp-audio` left on 2026-08-15 with `plugins/music/cliamp/` — see below.
 const REAL_WS = ['terminal', 'chat', 'task-runner', 'pipeline', 'desktop', 'vault', 'sidecar'];
-const realApi = () => [...new Set(CAPABILITIES.flatMap((c) => c.api))];
+const realApi = () => [...new Set(PERMISSIONS.flatMap((c) => c.api))];
 const surface = () => ({
   apiPrefixes: [...realApi(), '/auth', '/landing-page-data', '/waitlist', '/vault', '/sidecar'],
   wsProviders: REAL_WS,
@@ -25,41 +25,41 @@ const surface = () => ({
 
 describe('totality', () => {
   test('the registry covers its own declared surface', () => {
-    expect(() => assertCapabilityTotality(surface())).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => assertPermissionTotality(surface())).not.toThrow();
   });
 
   // The four ways this is allowed to fail. Each one is a real bug it exists to catch, and a check that
   // only ever passes is worth nothing — so assert that it refuses, not merely that it runs.
-  test('refuses a mounted router no capability claims', () => {
+  test('refuses a mounted router no permission claims', () => {
     const s = surface();
     s.apiPrefixes.push('/newthing');
-    expect(() => assertCapabilityTotality(s)).toThrow(/\/api\/newthing is mounted but no capability claims it/);
+    expect(() => assertPermissionTotality(s)).toThrow(/\/api\/newthing is mounted but no permission claims it/);
   });
 
-  test('refuses a served socket no capability claims — the 2026-08-06 hole', () => {
+  test('refuses a served socket no permission claims — the 2026-08-06 hole', () => {
     const s = surface();
     s.wsProviders = [...REAL_WS, 'newsocket'];
-    expect(() => assertCapabilityTotality(s)).toThrow(/websocket provider 'newsocket' is served/);
+    expect(() => assertPermissionTotality(s)).toThrow(/websocket provider 'newsocket' is served/);
   });
 
   test('refuses a claim on a router that no longer exists', () => {
     const s = surface();
     s.apiPrefixes = s.apiPrefixes.filter((p) => p !== '/gitea');
-    expect(() => assertCapabilityTotality(s)).toThrow(/claims \/api\/gitea, which nothing mounts/);
+    expect(() => assertPermissionTotality(s)).toThrow(/claims \/api\/gitea, which nothing mounts/);
   });
 
   test('refuses a claim on a socket that is not served', () => {
     const s = surface();
     s.wsProviders = REAL_WS.filter((p) => p !== 'terminal');
-    expect(() => assertCapabilityTotality(s)).toThrow(/claims websocket 'terminal', which is not served/);
+    expect(() => assertPermissionTotality(s)).toThrow(/claims websocket 'terminal', which is not served/);
   });
 
-  test('no two capabilities claim the same prefix', () => {
+  test('no two permissions claim the same prefix', () => {
     const seen = new Map<string, string>();
-    for (const capability of CAPABILITIES) {
-      for (const prefix of capability.api) {
+    for (const permission of PERMISSIONS) {
+      for (const prefix of permission.api) {
         expect(seen.has(prefix)).toBe(false);
-        seen.set(prefix, capability.key);
+        seen.set(prefix, permission.key);
       }
     }
   });
@@ -71,35 +71,35 @@ describe('totality', () => {
   });
 });
 
-describe('path → capability', () => {
+describe('path → permission', () => {
   test('resolves a prefix and its descendants', () => {
-    expect(capabilityForApiPath('/api/gitea')?.key).toBe('gitea');
-    expect(capabilityForApiPath('/api/gitea/repos/a/b')?.key).toBe('gitea');
+    expect(permissionForApiPath('/api/gitea')?.key).toBe('gitea');
+    expect(permissionForApiPath('/api/gitea/repos/a/b')?.key).toBe('gitea');
   });
 
   test('does not match a prefix that is merely a string prefix', () => {
-    // '/api/username' must not resolve to the 'account' capability, which claims '/user'. A naive
+    // '/api/username' must not resolve to the 'account' permission, which claims '/user'. A naive
     // startsWith would. (This was '/api/musicbrainz' against 'music' until music became a plugin.)
-    expect(capabilityForApiPath('/api/username')).toBeNull();
+    expect(permissionForApiPath('/api/username')).toBeNull();
   });
 
   test('longest prefix wins, so /dav and /caldav do not fight', () => {
-    expect(capabilityForApiPath('/api/caldav/x')?.key).toBe('calendar');
-    expect(capabilityForApiPath('/api/dav/x')?.key).toBe('calendar');
+    expect(permissionForApiPath('/api/caldav/x')?.key).toBe('calendar');
+    expect(permissionForApiPath('/api/dav/x')?.key).toBe('calendar');
   });
 
   test('an unclaimed path resolves to nothing rather than to something permissive', () => {
-    expect(capabilityForApiPath('/api/not-a-thing')).toBeNull();
+    expect(permissionForApiPath('/api/not-a-thing')).toBeNull();
   });
 
-  test('sockets resolve to their capability', () => {
-    expect(capabilityForWsProvider('terminal')?.key).toBe('terminal');
-    expect(capabilityForWsProvider('chat')?.key).toBe('chat');
-    expect(capabilityForWsProvider('nope')).toBeNull();
+  test('sockets resolve to their permission', () => {
+    expect(permissionForWsProvider('terminal')?.key).toBe('terminal');
+    expect(permissionForWsProvider('chat')?.key).toBe('chat');
+    expect(permissionForWsProvider('nope')).toBeNull();
   });
 
   // This pinned a real hole for one day: `/api/cliamp/ws` and `/api/cliamp/audio/ws` were SERVED in
-  // server.tsx's route table while no capability claimed them and their `handlers` entries were commented
+  // server.tsx's route table while no permission claimed them and their `handlers` entries were commented
   // out — so connecting crashed on a non-null assertion, and the boot check could not see any of it
   // because it reads `Object.keys(handlers)` rather than the route table.
   //
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ describe('path → capability', () => {
   // deleted, because "the route table serves nothing the handlers map lacks" is the invariant the
   // original incident was about, and this is the cheapest place to notice it breaking again.
   test('no cliamp socket is served or claimed — the route table and handlers agree', () => {
-    expect(capabilityForWsProvider('cliamp')).toBeNull();
-    expect(capabilityForWsProvider('cliamp-audio')).toBeNull();
+    expect(permissionForWsProvider('cliamp')).toBeNull();
+    expect(permissionForWsProvider('cliamp-audio')).toBeNull();
     expect(REAL_WS).not.toContain('cliamp');
   });
 });
@@ -117,15 +117,15 @@ describe('path → capability', () => {
 describe('levels', () => {
   // A FIXTURE, not a registry entry.
   //
-  // These tests ran against the real `music` capability until 2026-08-15, when music left with
+  // These tests ran against the real `music` permission until 2026-08-15, when music left with
   // `plugins/music/`. Re-anchoring them on whichever entry happens to have a `personal` list today only
   // moves the problem to the next extraction — and it had already half-broken before that, because the
   // moment music's `api` was commented out (2026-08-13) every path below stopped matching and three of
   // these four tests passed for the wrong reason: everything is refused when nothing is claimed.
   //
-  // `isRequestAllowedAtLevel` is a pure function of a Capability. Handing it one states what is actually
+  // `isRequestAllowedAtLevel` is a pure function of a Permission. Handing it one states what is actually
   // under test — the RULE — rather than borrowing a feature that can leave.
-  const fixture: Capability = {
+  const fixture: Permission = {
     key: 'fixture',
     label: 'Fixture',
     description: 'Not in the registry — a shape to exercise the level rules against',
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ describe('levels', () => {
     personal: ['/favorites', '/now-playing'],
   };
 
-  test('write permits anything within the capability', () => {
+  test('write permits anything within the permission', () => {
     expect(isRequestAllowedAtLevel(fixture, 'write', 'DELETE', '/api/fixture/track/9')).toBe(true);
   });
 
@@ -157,16 +157,16 @@ describe('levels', () => {
 
   test('a plugin gets the same rule through readOnlyWrites', () => {
     // The two lists are concatenated, so a plugin declaring per-caller paths on the one field its
-    // manifest has behaves identically to a core capability declaring `personal`. This is what music
+    // manifest has behaves identically to a core permission declaring `personal`. This is what music
     // relies on now that it ships as one.
-    const plugin: Capability = { ...fixture, personal: undefined, readOnlyWrites: ['/favorites', '/now-playing'] };
+    const plugin: Permission = { ...fixture, personal: undefined, readOnlyWrites: ['/favorites', '/now-playing'] };
     expect(isRequestAllowedAtLevel(plugin, 'read', 'POST', '/api/fixture/favorites/7')).toBe(true);
     expect(isRequestAllowedAtLevel(plugin, 'read', 'POST', '/api/fixture/scan')).toBe(false);
   });
 });
 
 describe('self-service routes', () => {
-  const userAdmin = CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get('user-admin')!;
+  const userAdmin = PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get('user-admin')!;
 
   test('PUT /api/users is self-profile update and stays reachable', () => {
     expect(isSelfServiceRoute(userAdmin, 'PUT', '/api/users')).toBe(true);
@@ -181,29 +181,29 @@ describe('self-service routes', () => {
     expect(isSelfServiceRoute(userAdmin, 'PUT', '/api/users/5')).toBe(false);
   });
 
-  test('capabilities without the field are unaffected', () => {
-    expect(isSelfServiceRoute(CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get('wallet')!, 'PUT', '/api/wallet')).toBe(false);
+  test('permissions without the field are unaffected', () => {
+    expect(isSelfServiceRoute(PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get('wallet')!, 'PUT', '/api/wallet')).toBe(false);
   });
 });
 
 describe('kinds', () => {
-  test('execution capabilities are never grantable', () => {
-    const grantable = new Set(GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES.map((c) => c.key));
+  test('execution permissions are never grantable', () => {
+    const grantable = new Set(GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS.map((c) => c.key));
     // `files` left this list on 2026-08-11, then `terminal` and `chat` the same day — see the tests below and
     // docs/per-user-linux-accounts.md. Everything still here runs as the OWNER in the owner's home with no
     // per-caller resolution at all.
     for (const key of ['tasks', 'desktop', 'browser', 'items']) {
-      expect(CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get(key)?.kind).toBe('execution');
+      expect(PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get(key)?.kind).toBe('execution');
       expect(grantable.has(key)).toBe(false);
     }
   });
 
-  // A confined capability is grantable, but the grant is inert without a Linux account — enforced in
+  // A confined permission is grantable, but the grant is inert without a Linux account — enforced in
   // authorize.ts, which is where the rule can cover routes, sockets and the dock at once.
-  test('confined capabilities are grantable', () => {
-    const grantable = new Set(GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES.map((c) => c.key));
+  test('confined permissions are grantable', () => {
+    const grantable = new Set(GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS.map((c) => c.key));
     for (const key of ['files', 'terminal', 'chat']) {
-      expect(CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get(key)?.kind).toBe('confined');
+      expect(PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get(key)?.kind).toBe('confined');
       expect(grantable.has(key)).toBe(true);
     }
   });
@@ -217,24 +217,24 @@ describe('kinds', () => {
   // on 2026-08-12, together, once the turn ran under `runAs` with the member's own home, credential,
   // transcripts and session ownership. `chat` is now confined in fact and not only in the registry.
   test('confined is a short, deliberate list', () => {
-    expect(CAPABILITIES.filter((c) => c.kind === 'confined').map((c) => c.key)).toEqual(['terminal', 'chat', 'files']);
+    expect(PERMISSIONS.filter((c) => c.kind === 'confined').map((c) => c.key)).toEqual(['terminal', 'chat', 'files']);
   });
 
-  test('admin capabilities are never grantable', () => {
-    const grantable = new Set(GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES.map((c) => c.key));
+  test('admin permissions are never grantable', () => {
+    const grantable = new Set(GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS.map((c) => c.key));
     // `headscale` was here until 2026-08-15, when it left with offscale. A plugin's permissions are
     // registered at install from its manifest, so they are not in this compile-time list by design.
     for (const key of ['user-admin', 'server-admin', 'wallet']) {
-      expect(CAPABILITY_BY_KEY.get(key)?.kind).toBe('admin');
+      expect(PERMISSION_BY_KEY.get(key)?.kind).toBe('admin');
       expect(grantable.has(key)).toBe(false);
     }
   });
 
   test('gitea is grantable — the case this was built for', () => {
-    expect(GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES.some((c) => c.key === 'gitea')).toBe(true);
+    expect(GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS.some((c) => c.key === 'gitea')).toBe(true);
   });
 
-  test('every capability declares at least one api prefix', () => {
-    for (const capability of CAPABILITIES) expect(capability.api.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  test('every permission declares at least one api prefix', () => {
+    for (const permission of PERMISSIONS) expect(permission.api.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/servers/capabilities/registry.ts b/src/servers/permissions/registry.ts
similarity index 83%
rename from src/servers/capabilities/registry.ts
rename to src/servers/permissions/registry.ts
index 4f810950..48f431fd 100644
--- a/src/servers/capabilities/registry.ts
+++ b/src/servers/permissions/registry.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-// The capability registry: the single enumeration of what this platform can do, and the unit the owner
+// The permission registry: the single enumeration of what this platform can do, and the unit the owner
 // grants to a role.
 //
-// ── Why capabilities and not routes ──
+// ── Why permissions and not routes ──
 //
 // The obvious model is "list the routes a role may call". It does not survive contact with this codebase.
 // A sweep of all 100 mutating platform routes on 2026-08-06 found reads permanently stuck on POST for two
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 // `/transcribe`), and credentials that must not sit in a query string where access logs, shell history and
 // Referer headers capture them (`/tts/voices` apiKey, the four `/test` endpoints, `/local-providers/probe`).
 // Five genuinely free conversions were done in e54d71d; the rest are staying. So the METHOD alone cannot
-// carry the read/write distinction — hence `readOnlyWrites` below, declared per capability.
+// carry the read/write distinction — hence `readOnlyWrites` below, declared per permission.
 //
 // The deeper reason is that a route list is not what the owner is deciding. The owner decides "this person
-// gets Gitea". A capability is that decision; the prefixes, sockets and screens it expands to are an
+// gets Gitea". A permission is that decision; the prefixes, sockets and screens it expands to are an
 // implementation detail that belongs next to the decision rather than in the granting UI.
 //
 // ── The four kinds, and why `execution` can never be granted ──
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@
 //
 // ── `confined`, and why it is not just `app` ──
 //
-// Added 2026-08-11 with per-user Linux accounts (docs/per-user-linux-accounts.md). A confined capability
+// Added 2026-08-11 with per-user Linux accounts (docs/per-user-linux-accounts.md). A confined permission
 // touches the filesystem or runs a process, so calling it an `app` would be a lie — but it is no longer
 // the OWNER'S filesystem, because the account has its own Linux user, its own home, and the kernel refusing
 // everything above it.
 //
-// The distinction earns its keep in one place: a grant on a confined capability means NOTHING unless the
+// The distinction earns its keep in one place: a grant on a confined permission means NOTHING unless the
 // account actually has that Linux user. `authorize.ts` drops confined grants for an account with no
 // `osUser`, so "granted but unconfined" resolves to no access rather than to the owner's home. That rule
 // lives there, once, instead of in each router that would otherwise have to remember it.
 //
-// Moving a capability from `execution` to `confined` is therefore a claim with a test attached: every path
+// Moving a permission from `execution` to `confined` is therefore a claim with a test attached: every path
 // it reaches must resolve its directory from the CALLER, not from HOME_DIR.
 //
 // `execution` is the important one. Everything under it runs as the OWNER'S OS user in the owner's home
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 // ── Read by default ──
 //
 // A grant carries a level, `read` or `write`. `read` permits safe methods (GET/HEAD/OPTIONS) anywhere in
-// the capability, plus mutations under `personal` — sub-paths that hold the CALLER'S own data and nothing
+// the permission, plus mutations under `personal` — sub-paths that hold the CALLER'S own data and nothing
 // else. `dashboards` is the worked example: a dashboard belongs to the account that made it, so the whole
 // surface is personal and a read grant is really "your own, fully". So "may a member write here" is a
 // property of the endpoint, not a policy knob someone has to remember to set.
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@
 // the same thing through its manifest's `readOnlyWrites` — `isRequestAllowedAtLevel` merges the two lists,
 // so they are one mechanism under two names.
 
-export type CapabilityKind = 'core' | 'app' | 'confined' | 'execution' | 'admin';
+export type PermissionKind = 'core' | 'app' | 'confined' | 'execution' | 'admin';
 
-export type Capability = {
+export type Permission = {
   /** Stable identifier. Stored in the database as the grant's subject — renaming one is a data change. */
   key: string;
   label: string;
   description: string;
-  kind: CapabilityKind;
+  kind: PermissionKind;
   /**
    * Path prefixes under `/api`, written exactly as they are mounted on protectedRouter in hono.ts —
    * leading slash, no `/api`. The totality check pairs these against the real mount table, so a prefix
@@ -79,37 +79,37 @@ export type Capability = {
   routes?: string[];
   /**
    * Sub-paths, relative to each `api` prefix, that a READ grant may still mutate because they hold only
-   * the caller's own data. Matched as a prefix after the capability's own: `/devices` on the `notify`
-   * capability permits `POST /api/notify/devices/123`.
+   * the caller's own data. Matched as a prefix after the permission's own: `/devices` on the `notify`
+   * permission permits `POST /api/notify/devices/123`.
    */
   personal?: string[];
   /**
    * Reads that must stay POST — see the note at the top. A read grant permits these paths at any method.
-   * Written relative to the capability's `api` prefix, like `personal`.
+   * Written relative to the permission's `api` prefix, like `personal`.
    */
   readOnlyWrites?: string[];
   /**
-   * Routes any authenticated account may call even holding NO grant on this capability, because they act
-   * on the caller themselves. `METHOD /exact/path`, relative to the capability's prefix — exact, not a
+   * Routes any authenticated account may call even holding NO grant on this permission, because they act
+   * on the caller themselves. `METHOD /exact/path`, relative to the permission's prefix — exact, not a
    * prefix, so this cannot widen by accident.
    *
    * One entry exists and it should stay that way. `PUT /api/users` is self-profile update (useAuth.ts
    * calls it to change your own name and avatar) and has always lived on the same router as the owner-only
    * account administration beside it. Moving it to `/api/user` would be tidier and would break every
    * shipped mobile client, so the honest fix is to say out loud that this one route is not what the
-   * capability around it is.
+   * permission around it is.
    */
   selfService?: string[];
 };
 
 /**
- * The PLATFORM's own capabilities. A plugin's are added on top at runtime — see `setPluginPermissions`.
+ * The PLATFORM's own permissions. A plugin's are added on top at runtime — see `setPluginPermissions`.
  *
- * Kept separate from the live `CAPABILITIES` below so two invariants hold by construction rather than by
+ * Kept separate from the live `PERMISSIONS` below so two invariants hold by construction rather than by
  * anyone remembering them: a plugin can never become `core` (granted to everyone, undeniable), and a
  * plugin is never in the fresh-install baseline.
  */
-const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
+const CORE_REGISTRY: Permission[] = [
   // ── core ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   {
     key: 'account',
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
     // `/api-keys` is core rather than app or admin because a key is not new authority — it is a second way
     // to present the authority the account already has, so denying it would only force the holder to keep
     // using a password in places a password should not go. What a key can then DO is decided by the same
-    // capability checks as any other request from that user; nothing here widens them.
+    // permission checks as any other request from that user; nothing here widens them.
     api: ['/user', '/dock', '/api-keys'],
     routes: ['/settings/profile'],
   },
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
     // acts only as themselves upstream. Gitea's own permissions are the second gate and the real one:
     // a token cannot reach a repository its account cannot reach, whatever this platform thinks.
     //
-    // Which is why the whole capability is `personal` rather than a list of sub-paths. Nothing under
+    // Which is why the whole permission is `personal` rather than a list of sub-paths. Nothing under
     // /api/gitea can affect another Officer user, so withholding write here would only stop someone
     // commenting on their own issues — security theatre with a real cost and no benefit.
     personal: ['/'],
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
   {
     key: 'tasks',
     label: 'Tasks and jobs',
-    description: 'Running capabilities, pipelines and background jobs',
+    description: 'Running permissions, pipelines and background jobs',
     kind: 'execution',
     api: ['/tasks', '/jobs', '/pipeline-jobs', '/queue'],
     ws: ['task-runner', 'pipeline'],
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
   },
   {
     key: 'items',
-    label: 'Capability authoring',
+    label: 'Permission authoring',
     description: 'Skills, tools, agents and processes on disk',
     kind: 'execution',
     api: ['/skills', '/tools', '/agents', '/processes', '/rescan'],
@@ -339,10 +339,10 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
     routes: ['/desktop'],
   },
   // `/browser` — the Chrome-extension relay — is unmounted as of 2026-08-13 and dropped from this claim,
-  // because check 2 of assertCapabilityTotality refuses to boot on a capability claiming a prefix nothing
+  // because check 2 of assertPermissionTotality refuses to boot on a permission claiming a prefix nothing
   // serves. Put both back together or neither.
   //
-  // `/scrape` is untouched and is what this capability still covers. It shares nothing with the relay: it
+  // `/scrape` is untouched and is what this permission still covers. It shares nothing with the relay: it
   // launches its own headless chromium through playwright and never speaks to the extension.
   {
     key: 'browser',
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
     // Admin for the same reason as the app store above: installing a plugin mounts routes and starts a
     // process, which is process control rather than a feature to grant a read of.
     //
-    // Note this capability guards the MANAGEMENT surface, not the plugins themselves. A plugin declares
+    // Note this permission guards the MANAGEMENT surface, not the plugins themselves. A plugin declares
     // its own permissions in its manifest, and those are what gate its routes — so a member can hold
     // `offscale` at read without being able to install or remove anything.
     kind: 'admin',
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
   },
   // `headscale` lived here until 2026-08-15, when it left with the rest of offscale. A plugin declares
   // its own permissions in its manifest and they are registered at install — see plugins/mount.ts. The
-  // platform no longer knows this capability exists, which is the entire point.
+  // platform no longer knows this permission exists, which is the entire point.
   {
     key: 'wallet',
     label: 'Wallet',
@@ -415,18 +415,18 @@ const CORE_REGISTRY: Capability[] = [
 
 // ── Derived lookups ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 //
-// `let`, not `const`, because installing a plugin adds capabilities and uninstalling removes them. ESM
-// exports are live bindings, so an importer holding `CAPABILITY_BY_KEY` sees the reassignment — every
+// `let`, not `const`, because installing a plugin adds permissions and uninstalling removes them. ESM
+// exports are live bindings, so an importer holding `PERMISSION_BY_KEY` sees the reassignment — every
 // consumer reads these inside a function, never at module scope, which is what makes that safe.
 //
 // Nothing mutates the arrays in place. `setPluginPermissions` replaces them, for the same reason
 // `buildHonoApp` replaces the app rather than adding routes to it: a half-updated lookup is worse than a
 // stale one, and replacement has no half.
 
-/** Core plus every installed plugin's. The list `capabilityForApiPath` and the totality check read. */
-export let CAPABILITIES: Capability[] = CORE_REGISTRY;
+/** Core plus every installed plugin's. The list `permissionForApiPath` and the totality check read. */
+export let PERMISSIONS: Permission[] = CORE_REGISTRY;
 
-export let CAPABILITY_BY_KEY = new Map(CAPABILITIES.map((c) => [c.key, c]));
+export let PERMISSION_BY_KEY = new Map(PERMISSIONS.map((c) => [c.key, c]));
 
 /**
  * The keys an owner may actually hand to a role. `core` is automatic; `execution` and `admin` are owner-only.
@@ -435,10 +435,10 @@ export let CAPABILITY_BY_KEY = new Map(CAPABILITIES.map((c) => [c.key, c]));
  * enforced in `authorize.ts`, not by withholding it from this list. Withholding it would mean the owner
  * could not pre-grant a role before provisioning the people in it, which is the normal order of operations.
  */
-export let GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES = CAPABILITIES.filter((c) => c.kind === 'app' || c.kind === 'confined');
+export let GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS = PERMISSIONS.filter((c) => c.kind === 'app' || c.kind === 'confined');
 
 /**
- * What every role starts with on a fresh install: the three confined capabilities, at `write`.
+ * What every role starts with on a fresh install: the three confined permissions, at `write`.
  *
  * These are the baseline the platform is FOR — a terminal, a file browser and chat. An account that can sign
  * in and reach none of them is not a restricted account, it is a useless one, and making the owner grant them
@@ -448,12 +448,12 @@ export let GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES = CAPABILITIES.filter((c) => c.kind === 'app'
  * means no access, always, with no exceptions to remember. So revoking one of these works exactly like
  * revoking anything else — the row goes, and nothing puts it back.
  *
- * `app` capabilities are deliberately NOT here. Those reach data the owner may not intend to share, and each
+ * `app` permissions are deliberately NOT here. Those reach data the owner may not intend to share, and each
  * needs a sidecar installed before it means anything anyway.
  */
-// From CORE_REGISTRY, never from CAPABILITIES: a plugin must not be able to put itself in the baseline
+// From CORE_REGISTRY, never from PERMISSIONS: a plugin must not be able to put itself in the baseline
 // every new role starts with.
-export const DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES: string[] = CORE_REGISTRY.filter((c) => c.kind === 'confined').map((c) => c.key);
+export const DEFAULT_ROLE_PERMISSIONS: string[] = CORE_REGISTRY.filter((c) => c.kind === 'confined').map((c) => c.key);
 
 /**
  * Available to every signed-in account without a grant.
@@ -466,52 +466,52 @@ export const CORE_CAPABILITIES = CORE_REGISTRY.filter((c) => c.kind === 'core');
 /**
  * Replace the plugin half of the registry. Called after every install, uninstall, enable and disable.
  *
- * Plugin capabilities are dropped and re-added wholesale rather than diffed: the source of truth is the
+ * Plugin permissions are dropped and re-added wholesale rather than diffed: the source of truth is the
  * set of installed plugins, and computing a delta against it would be a second answer to the same
  * question. A key colliding with a core one is REFUSED here rather than silently overriding — a plugin
  * that could redefine `chat` or `terminal` could widen it.
  */
-export function setPluginPermissions(pluginCapabilities: Capability[]): { rejected: string[] } {
+export function setPluginPermissions(pluginPermissions: Permission[]): { rejected: string[] } {
   const coreKeys = new Set(CORE_REGISTRY.map((c) => c.key));
   const seen = new Set<string>();
-  const accepted: Capability[] = [];
+  const accepted: Permission[] = [];
   const rejected: string[] = [];
 
-  for (const capability of pluginCapabilities) {
-    if (coreKeys.has(capability.key) || seen.has(capability.key)) {
-      rejected.push(capability.key);
+  for (const permission of pluginPermissions) {
+    if (coreKeys.has(permission.key) || seen.has(permission.key)) {
+      rejected.push(permission.key);
       continue;
     }
-    seen.add(capability.key);
-    accepted.push(capability);
+    seen.add(permission.key);
+    accepted.push(permission);
   }
 
-  CAPABILITIES = [...CORE_REGISTRY, ...accepted];
-  CAPABILITY_BY_KEY = new Map(CAPABILITIES.map((c) => [c.key, c]));
-  GRANTABLE_CAPABILITIES = CAPABILITIES.filter((c) => c.kind === 'app' || c.kind === 'confined');
+  PERMISSIONS = [...CORE_REGISTRY, ...accepted];
+  PERMISSION_BY_KEY = new Map(PERMISSIONS.map((c) => [c.key, c]));
+  GRANTABLE_PERMISSIONS = PERMISSIONS.filter((c) => c.kind === 'app' || c.kind === 'confined');
   return { rejected };
 }
 
-export type CapabilityLevel = 'read' | 'write';
+export type PermissionLevel = 'read' | 'write';
 
 const isPrefixOf = (prefix: string, path: string): boolean =>
   prefix === '/' || path === prefix || path.startsWith(`${prefix}/`);
 
 /**
- * Which capability owns this path? `path` is the full request path (`/api/gitea/...`).
+ * Which permission owns this path? `path` is the full request path (`/api/gitea/...`).
  *
- * Longest prefix wins, so a capability may claim `/dav` while another claims `/dav/something` without the
- * order of the array mattering. Returns null for a path no capability claims — which the totality check
+ * Longest prefix wins, so a permission may claim `/dav` while another claims `/dav/something` without the
+ * order of the array mattering. Returns null for a path no permission claims — which the totality check
  * below is there to make impossible for anything mounted on protectedRouter.
  */
-export function capabilityForApiPath(path: string): Capability | null {
+export function permissionForApiPath(path: string): Permission | null {
   const rest = path.startsWith('/api') ? path.slice('/api'.length) : path;
-  let best: Capability | null = null;
+  let best: Permission | null = null;
   let bestLength = -1;
-  for (const capability of CAPABILITIES) {
-    for (const prefix of capability.api) {
+  for (const permission of PERMISSIONS) {
+    for (const prefix of permission.api) {
       if (isPrefixOf(prefix, rest) && prefix.length > bestLength) {
-        best = capability;
+        best = permission;
         bestLength = prefix.length;
       }
     }
@@ -519,36 +519,36 @@ export function capabilityForApiPath(path: string): Capability | null {
   return best;
 }
 
-export function capabilityForWsProvider(provider: string): Capability | null {
-  return CAPABILITIES.find((c) => c.ws?.includes(provider)) ?? null;
+export function permissionForWsProvider(provider: string): Permission | null {
+  return PERMISSIONS.find((c) => c.ws?.includes(provider)) ?? null;
 }
 
 /**
  * Is this an exact self-service route — one any authenticated account may call without holding the
- * capability at all? Matched exactly on method AND path, never as a prefix.
+ * permission at all? Matched exactly on method AND path, never as a prefix.
  */
-export function isSelfServiceRoute(capability: Capability, method: string, path: string): boolean {
-  if (!capability.selfService?.length) return false;
+export function isSelfServiceRoute(permission: Permission, method: string, path: string): boolean {
+  if (!permission.selfService?.length) return false;
   const rest = path.startsWith('/api') ? path.slice('/api'.length) : path;
   const upper = method.toUpperCase();
-  return capability.api.some((prefix) => {
+  return permission.api.some((prefix) => {
     if (!isPrefixOf(prefix, rest)) return false;
     const sub = rest.slice(prefix.length) || '/';
-    return capability.selfService!.includes(`${upper} ${sub}`);
+    return permission.selfService!.includes(`${upper} ${sub}`);
   });
 }
 
 const SAFE_METHODS = new Set(['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS']);
 
 /**
- * May a caller holding `level` on `capability` make this request?
+ * May a caller holding `level` on `permission` make this request?
  *
- * `write` is unconditional within the capability. `read` permits safe methods, anything the capability
+ * `write` is unconditional within the permission. `read` permits safe methods, anything the permission
  * declares as a `readOnlyWrites` read-in-POST-clothing, and mutations confined to `personal` sub-paths.
  */
 export function isRequestAllowedAtLevel(
-  capability: Capability,
-  level: CapabilityLevel,
+  permission: Permission,
+  level: PermissionLevel,
   method: string,
   path: string,
 ): boolean {
@@ -556,12 +556,12 @@ export function isRequestAllowedAtLevel(
   if (SAFE_METHODS.has(method.toUpperCase())) return true;
 
   const rest = path.startsWith('/api') ? path.slice('/api'.length) : path;
-  // Strip whichever of the capability's own prefixes matched, so `personal` entries are written relative
-  // to the capability rather than repeated per prefix.
-  const withinCapability = capability.api
+  // Strip whichever of the permission's own prefixes matched, so `personal` entries are written relative
+  // to the permission rather than repeated per prefix.
+  const withinPermission = permission.api
     .filter((prefix) => isPrefixOf(prefix, rest))
     .map((prefix) => rest.slice(prefix.length) || '/');
 
-  const allowed = [...(capability.personal ?? []), ...(capability.readOnlyWrites ?? [])];
-  return withinCapability.some((sub) => allowed.some((entry) => isPrefixOf(entry, sub)));
+  const allowed = [...(permission.personal ?? []), ...(permission.readOnlyWrites ?? [])];
+  return withinPermission.some((sub) => allowed.some((entry) => isPrefixOf(entry, sub)));
 }
diff --git a/src/servers/capabilities/totality.ts b/src/servers/permissions/totality.ts
similarity index 75%
rename from src/servers/capabilities/totality.ts
rename to src/servers/permissions/totality.ts
index cd82984c..73a3ebea 100644
--- a/src/servers/capabilities/totality.ts
+++ b/src/servers/permissions/totality.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { CAPABILITIES, capabilityForApiPath, capabilityForWsProvider } from './registry';
+import { PERMISSIONS, permissionForApiPath, permissionForWsProvider } from './registry';
 
 // The part that actually matters.
 //
@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ import { CAPABILITIES, capabilityForApiPath, capabilityForWsProvider } from './r
 //
 // It was fixed in 2873948 by adding the check to the socket door too. That fix is a patch, and patches of
 // that shape do not survive the next door. What survives is refusing to boot: every mounted API prefix and
-// every user-facing WebSocket provider must map to exactly one capability, or the server does not start.
+// every user-facing WebSocket provider must map to exactly one permission, or the server does not start.
 // Add a router and forget the registry and you find out during `pm2 restart`, not during an incident.
 //
 // The exemptions below are the honest cost of that: a short list of surfaces that genuinely are not
-// user-capability-gated, each of which has to say why. A list that grows silently is the failure mode, so
+// user-permission-gated, each of which has to say why. A list that grows silently is the failure mode, so
 // keep it short and keep the reasons real.
 
 /**
  * Mounted under `honoServer` directly rather than `protectedRouter`, and gated by something other than a
- * platform capability. Each entry is a claim that has to stay true.
+ * platform permission. Each entry is a claim that has to stay true.
  */
 const EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES: Record<string, string> = {
   // Unauthenticated by necessity — this is where a caller goes to BECOME authenticated.
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ const EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES: Record<string, string> = {
   '/landing-page-data': 'public landing page content, no account involved',
   '/waitlist': 'public signup form, no account involved',
   // The Bitwarden clients carry their own bearer token, not a platform JWT, so userMiddleware would 401
-  // them and a capability lookup has no account to resolve. Gated by origin scoping and Vaultwarden itself.
+  // them and a permission lookup has no account to resolve. Gated by origin scoping and Vaultwarden itself.
   '/vault': 'Bitwarden protocol clients authenticate to Vaultwarden, not to Officer',
   // Registration socket for sidecars. Process-to-process on loopback; there is no user on this path.
   '/sidecar': 'sidecar registration, loopback process-to-process',
   // The caller is a Claude session running curl, not a browser: it has no platform JWT to present, so
-  // userMiddleware would 401 it and a capability lookup would have no account to resolve. What it does
+  // userMiddleware would 401 it and a permission lookup would have no account to resolve. What it does
   // present is a per-panel token minted by the platform, which identifies exactly one agent panel and
   // authorises exactly one action — deliver a prompt to a NAMED PEER ON THAT PANEL'S OWN DASHBOARD.
   // It reads nothing else, writes nothing else, and cannot name a raw session key. The narrowness is
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ const EXEMPT_WS_PROVIDERS: Record<string, string> = {
 /**
  * Is this path served above the account gate?
  *
- * Read by the capability backstop, so that signin — which by definition has no account to check — is not
- * asked to prove a capability. Deliberately shares EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES with the boot check: an exemption
+ * Read by the permission backstop, so that signin — which by definition has no account to check — is not
+ * asked to prove a permission. Deliberately shares EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES with the boot check: an exemption
  * granted at boot and an exemption honoured at request time must be the same list, or one of them is a
  * hole.
  */
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export function isExemptApiPath(path: string): boolean {
   return Object.keys(EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES).some((prefix) => rest === prefix || rest.startsWith(`${prefix}/`));
 }
 
-export type CapabilitySurface = {
+export type PermissionSurface = {
   /** Every prefix mounted on protectedRouter, as written in hono.ts. */
   apiPrefixes: string[];
   /** Every key of the `handlers` map in server.tsx. */
@@ -74,20 +74,20 @@ export type CapabilitySurface = {
  * Refuses to return if the registry and the real surface disagree. Called from the boot path.
  *
  * Four ways to fail, and all four are real bugs rather than pedantry:
- *   - a mounted prefix no capability claims  → reachable by a rule nobody wrote
- *   - a prefix two capabilities claim        → which grant applies is undefined
+ *   - a mounted prefix no permission claims  → reachable by a rule nobody wrote
+ *   - a prefix two permissions claim        → which grant applies is undefined
  *   - a declared prefix nothing mounts       → the registry is describing a router that no longer exists
- *   - a socket provider no capability claims → exactly the 2026-08-06 hole, structurally
+ *   - a socket provider no permission claims → exactly the 2026-08-06 hole, structurally
  */
-export function assertCapabilityTotality(surface: CapabilitySurface): void {
+export function assertPermissionTotality(surface: PermissionSurface): void {
   const problems: string[] = [];
 
   // 1. Every mount is claimed, and claimed once.
   for (const prefix of surface.apiPrefixes) {
     if (prefix in EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES) continue;
-    const claimants = CAPABILITIES.filter((c) => c.api.includes(prefix));
+    const claimants = PERMISSIONS.filter((c) => c.api.includes(prefix));
     if (claimants.length === 0) {
-      problems.push(`/api${prefix} is mounted but no capability claims it — add it to the registry`);
+      problems.push(`/api${prefix} is mounted but no permission claims it — add it to the registry`);
     } else if (claimants.length > 1) {
       problems.push(`/api${prefix} is claimed by ${claimants.map((c) => c.key).join(', ')} — it must be exactly one`);
     }
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ export function assertCapabilityTotality(surface: CapabilitySurface): void {
   // 2. Every claim corresponds to something real. Catches a router that was deleted or renamed while the
   // registry kept describing it — which would leave a grant that silently means nothing.
   const mounted = new Set(surface.apiPrefixes);
-  for (const capability of CAPABILITIES) {
-    for (const prefix of capability.api) {
+  for (const permission of PERMISSIONS) {
+    for (const prefix of permission.api) {
       if (!mounted.has(prefix)) {
-        problems.push(`capability '${capability.key}' claims /api${prefix}, which nothing mounts`);
+        problems.push(`permission '${permission.key}' claims /api${prefix}, which nothing mounts`);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -107,36 +107,36 @@ export function assertCapabilityTotality(surface: CapabilitySurface): void {
   // 3. Every socket door is claimed. This is the one the incident was about.
   for (const provider of surface.wsProviders) {
     if (provider in EXEMPT_WS_PROVIDERS) continue;
-    if (!capabilityForWsProvider(provider)) {
-      problems.push(`websocket provider '${provider}' is served but no capability claims it`);
+    if (!permissionForWsProvider(provider)) {
+      problems.push(`websocket provider '${provider}' is served but no permission claims it`);
     }
   }
 
-  // 4. And no capability claims a socket that does not exist.
+  // 4. And no permission claims a socket that does not exist.
   const providers = new Set(surface.wsProviders);
-  for (const capability of CAPABILITIES) {
-    for (const provider of capability.ws ?? []) {
+  for (const permission of PERMISSIONS) {
+    for (const provider of permission.ws ?? []) {
       if (!providers.has(provider)) {
-        problems.push(`capability '${capability.key}' claims websocket '${provider}', which is not served`);
+        problems.push(`permission '${permission.key}' claims websocket '${provider}', which is not served`);
       }
     }
   }
 
   // 5. Keys are unique — a duplicate would make grants ambiguous in the database.
   const seen = new Set<string>();
-  for (const capability of CAPABILITIES) {
-    if (seen.has(capability.key)) problems.push(`duplicate capability key '${capability.key}'`);
-    seen.add(capability.key);
+  for (const permission of PERMISSIONS) {
+    if (seen.has(permission.key)) problems.push(`duplicate permission key '${permission.key}'`);
+    seen.add(permission.key);
   }
 
   if (problems.length > 0) {
     throw new Error(
       [
-        'Capability registry does not cover the served surface. The server will not start.',
+        'Permission registry does not cover the served surface. The server will not start.',
         '',
         ...problems.map((p) => `  • ${p}`),
         '',
-        'Fix src/servers/capabilities/registry.ts. If a surface genuinely is not capability-gated, add it',
+        'Fix src/servers/permissions/registry.ts. If a surface genuinely is not permission-gated, add it',
         'to the exemption list in totality.ts WITH a reason — an unexplained exemption is how the',
         'websocket hole happened.',
       ].join('\n'),
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ export function assertCapabilityTotality(surface: CapabilitySurface): void {
   }
 }
 
-/** Exposed for the settings UI, so an owner can see what a capability actually covers. */
-export function describeCapabilitySurface(): {
+/** Exposed for the settings UI, so an owner can see what a permission actually covers. */
+export function describePermissionSurface(): {
   exemptApi: typeof EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES;
   exemptWs: typeof EXEMPT_WS_PROVIDERS;
 } {
   return { exemptApi: EXEMPT_API_PREFIXES, exemptWs: EXEMPT_WS_PROVIDERS };
 }
 
-export { capabilityForApiPath };
+export { permissionForApiPath };
diff --git a/src/servers/plugins/manifest.ts b/src/servers/plugins/manifest.ts
index e2737467..73e11e17 100644
--- a/src/servers/plugins/manifest.ts
+++ b/src/servers/plugins/manifest.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * Called `permissions`, and that word is used throughout the plugin system deliberately. The other one
  * already means three different things here — the permission registry, the file-based item store under
- * `$OFFICER_ROOT/capabilities`, and the routing keys a sidecar registers with — and a fourth meaning
+ * `$OFFICER_ROOT/permissions`, and the routing keys a sidecar registers with — and a fourth meaning
  * would be one too many. Nothing in this system uses it.
  */
 export type PluginPermission = {
diff --git a/src/servers/plugins/mount.ts b/src/servers/plugins/mount.ts
index dfa04be8..1fd0d775 100644
--- a/src/servers/plugins/mount.ts
+++ b/src/servers/plugins/mount.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { listPluginInstalls, type PluginInstall } from 'officerdb';
 import type { MountedPlugin } from '../hono';
 import { rebuildHonoApp } from '../hono';
-import { setPluginPermissions, type Capability } from '../capabilities/registry';
+import { setPluginPermissions, type Permission } from '../permissions/registry';
 import { discoverPlugins } from './discover';
 import { mountPrefix, type DiscoveredPlugin } from './manifest';
 import { generatePluginsModule, rebuildFrontend } from './generate';
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ export async function mountablePlugins(snapshot: PluginsSnapshot): Promise<Mount
  * claim no path — a plugin wanting genuinely separate surfaces needs sub-path claims in the manifest, and
  * that can be added when something needs it rather than guessed at now.
  */
-function pluginPermissions(state: PluginState): Capability[] {
+function pluginPermissions(state: PluginState): Permission[] {
   const { plugin } = state;
   const prefix = mountPrefix(plugin);
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ export async function refreshPluginMounts(options: { skipFrontend?: boolean } =
  * (`dockItemsFromPlugins`).
  *
  * Presentation comes from the manifest and the route from `mountPrefix`, so there is one source for both
- * and nothing to keep in step. `capability` is the plugin's first permission when it has one, which is
+ * and nothing to keep in step. `permission` is the plugin's first permission when it has one, which is
  * what lets the self endpoint filter the tile out for an account that cannot reach the screen —
  * a member must not be handed the manifest of a feature they may not use, even to hide it.
  *
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ export async function refreshPluginMounts(options: { skipFrontend?: boolean } =
 export async function pluginDockManifests(): Promise<
   Array<{
     sidecarId: string;
-    capability: string | null;
+    permission: string | null;
     name: string;
     icon?: string;
     image?: string;
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ export async function pluginDockManifests(): Promise<
       const prefix = mountPrefix(plugin);
       return {
         sidecarId: plugin.appName,
-        capability: plugin.manifest.permissions[0]?.key ?? null,
+        permission: plugin.manifest.permissions[0]?.key ?? null,
         name: plugin.manifest.label,
         // A shipped `assets/icon.png` wins; the lucide NAME is the fallback for a plugin with no
         // artwork of its own. The dock renders `image` as an <img> and `icon` through `resolveIcon`,
diff --git a/src/workspaces/hooks/src/useCapabilities.ts b/src/workspaces/hooks/src/usePermissions.ts
similarity index 83%
rename from src/workspaces/hooks/src/useCapabilities.ts
rename to src/workspaces/hooks/src/usePermissions.ts
index 50b8e2f5..feca26ad 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/hooks/src/useCapabilities.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/hooks/src/usePermissions.ts
@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@ import { useClient } from './useClient';
 // minute; an owner locked out of their own platform by a transient network error is an incident. The
 // server refuses what it should refuse either way.
 
-export type CapabilityLevel = 'read' | 'write';
+export type PermissionLevel = 'read' | 'write';
 
-export type SelfCapabilities = {
+export type SelfPermissions = {
   isOwner: boolean;
-  capabilities: { key: string; level: CapabilityLevel }[];
-  /** Frontend route prefixes the account holds, flattened across its capabilities. */
+  permissions: { key: string; level: PermissionLevel }[];
+  /** Frontend route prefixes the account holds, flattened across its permissions. */
   routes: string[];
   /**
-   * Route prefixes claimed by capabilities the account does NOT hold. Both lists are needed: absence from
-   * `routes` cannot tell a denied route from one no capability claims (`/`, the settings shell), and a
+   * Route prefixes claimed by permissions the account does NOT hold. Both lists are needed: absence from
+   * `routes` cannot tell a denied route from one no permission claims (`/`, the settings shell), and a
    * guard that cannot tell those apart either blanks the app or guards nothing.
    */
   deniedRoutes: string[];
-  /** Capabilities the account holds whose sidecar is not installed, or is installed but disabled. */
+  /** Permissions the account holds whose sidecar is not installed, or is installed but disabled. */
   unavailable?: string[];
   /**
    * Dock tiles and routes of the sidecars actually installed on this server.
@@ -54,20 +54,20 @@ export type PluginManifest = {
   extraTiles?: Array<{ name: string; icon?: string; image?: string; color: string; route: string }>;
 };
 
-export const CAPABILITIES_QUERY_KEY = ['self-capabilities'];
+export const PERMISSIONS_QUERY_KEY = ['self-permissions'];
 
-export function useCapabilities() {
+export function usePermissions() {
   const client = useClient();
 
-  const { data, isLoading, isError } = useQuery<SelfCapabilities>({
-    queryKey: CAPABILITIES_QUERY_KEY,
-    queryFn: () => client.get<SelfCapabilities>('/user/capabilities'),
+  const { data, isLoading, isError } = useQuery<SelfPermissions>({
+    queryKey: PERMISSIONS_QUERY_KEY,
+    queryFn: () => client.get<SelfPermissions>('/user/permissions'),
     // Grants change rarely and only by an owner action, but they change the shape of the whole app when
     // they do. A minute matches the `tasks` / `task-categories` caches the rest of the app uses.
     staleTime: 60_000,
   });
 
-  const held = useMemo(() => new Map((data?.capabilities ?? []).map((c) => [c.key, c.level])), [data]);
+  const held = useMemo(() => new Map((data?.permissions ?? []).map((c) => [c.key, c.level])), [data]);
 
   // `can` and `canVisit` are memoised on `data` alone, and that matters more than it looks. A verb rebuilt
   // every render gets a new identity every render, so anything putting one in a useCallback or useMemo
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ export function useCapabilities() {
   // Jellyfin player was disabled for days by an unmount cleanup re-running mid-playback. `data` is a React
   // Query value with a stable reference between fetches, so these change only when the answer does.
 
-  /** Whether the account holds a capability, optionally at write level. */
+  /** Whether the account holds a permission, optionally at write level. */
   const can = useCallback(
-    (key: string, level: CapabilityLevel = 'read'): boolean => {
+    (key: string, level: PermissionLevel = 'read'): boolean => {
       if (!data) return true; // see the note above: fail open, the server does not
       if (data.isOwner) return true;
       const granted = held.get(key);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export function useCapabilities() {
       // Held but unavailable → the sidecar is missing. Checked against the capability that claims the route,
       // which is why `unavailable` is returned as capability keys rather than routes.
       const unavailable = new Set(data.unavailable ?? []);
-      const heldAndUnavailable = data.capabilities.some(({ key }) => unavailable.has(key));
+      const heldAndUnavailable = data.permissions.some(({ key }) => unavailable.has(key));
       if (data.isOwner || heldAndUnavailable) return 'not-installed';
       return 'not-granted';
     },
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export function useCapabilities() {
 
   return {
     isOwner: data?.isOwner ?? false,
-    capabilities: held,
+    permissions: held,
     routes: data?.routes ?? [],
     unavailable: data?.unavailable ?? [],
     denialReason,
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/AppStore/useAppStore.ts b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/AppStore/useAppStore.ts
index e84542f2..089fa9e5 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/AppStore/useAppStore.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/AppStore/useAppStore.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export function useAppStore() {
   // the same screen.
   const invalidate = () => {
     void queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: STORE_KEY });
-    void queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['self-capabilities'] });
+    void queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['self-permissions'] });
   };
 
   const install = useMutation({
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useAgents.ts b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useAgents.ts
index 4c93a8d7..25d4569c 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useAgents.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useAgents.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 import { type TriggerConfig, groupByCategory, matchesTrigger } from './useTasks';
 
 export type AgentSummary = {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export const useAgents = () => {
   const client = useClient();
   // Agents are the `items` capability — skills, tools and agents on the owner's disk — and running one
   // starts a chat session, which is `chat`. Both are execution-only, so a member gets no agent submenu.
-  const { can } = useCapabilities();
+  const { can } = usePermissions();
   const allowed = can('items');
 
   const { data: agents = [] } = useQuery<AgentSummary[]>({
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useTasks.ts b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useTasks.ts
index 799351f9..1ef2dae5 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useTasks.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/FileBrowser/useTasks.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 
 export type TriggerConfig = { type: 'file'; extensions: string[] } | { type: 'directory' };
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export const useTasks = () => {
   // `tasks` is `kind: 'execution'`: a task run executes a script as the server owner. A member browsing
   // their own files has a file browser, not a task runner — so the context menu simply has no Run Task
   // submenu, and these two requests are not made. Without the guard they 403'd on every Files render.
-  const { can } = useCapabilities();
+  const { can } = usePermissions();
   const allowed = can('tasks');
 
   const { data: tasks = [] } = useQuery<TaskSummary[]>({
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Plugins/usePlugins.ts b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Plugins/usePlugins.ts
index 4ec14d2e..3f09d047 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Plugins/usePlugins.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Plugins/usePlugins.ts
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ export function usePlugins() {
     queryFn: () => client.get<{ plugins: PluginItem[]; broken: BrokenPlugin[] }>('/plugins'),
   });
 
-  // Every verb invalidates the plugin list AND self-capabilities: installing a plugin can add a dock tile
+  // Every verb invalidates the plugin list AND self-permissions: installing a plugin can add a dock tile
   // and a route the shell has to know about, so refreshing one without the other leaves the two disagreeing.
   const invalidate = useCallback(() => {
     queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: PLUGINS_KEY });
-    queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['self-capabilities'] });
+    queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['self-permissions'] });
   }, [queryClient]);
 
   const [steps, setSteps] = useState<string[]>([]);
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/CoinsView.tsx b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/CoinsView.tsx
index 37122bf2..194eeaea 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/CoinsView.tsx
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/CoinsView.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { EmptyWallet, UnsupportedSection } from './EmptyWallet';
 import { SyncBadge } from './SyncBadge';
 import { useSelectedWallet } from './useSelectedWallet';
 import { useCoinSelection } from './useCoinSelection';
-import { useCapabilities, useUtxos, useWalletOperations } from './useWalletData';
+import { usePermissions, useUtxos, useWalletOperations } from './useWalletData';
 
 // Coin control. Works while locked: which coins exist and which are frozen is watch-only information, and
 // freezing is Officer's own flag rather than anything signed.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import { useCapabilities, useUtxos, useWalletOperations } from './useWalletData'
 
 export const CoinsView = () => {
   const { walletId, isLoading } = useSelectedWallet();
-  const { capabilities } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const supported = capabilities.includes('coinControl');
 
   const { utxos, sync, isLoading: utxosLoading } = useUtxos(walletId, supported);
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/LightningView.tsx b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/LightningView.tsx
index c4f58d88..27214fb2 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/LightningView.tsx
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/LightningView.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { formatSats, formatTimestamp, truncateMiddle, PAYMENT_TONES } from './fo
 import { Amount } from './Amount';
 import { EmptyWallet, UnsupportedSection } from './EmptyWallet';
 import { useSelectedWallet } from './useSelectedWallet';
-import { useCapabilities, useChannels, usePayments, usePeers } from './useWalletData';
+import { usePermissions, useChannels, usePayments, usePeers } from './useWalletData';
 
 // The node's own view of itself: payments it has made, channels it holds, peers it is connected to.
 //
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { useCapabilities, useChannels, usePayments, usePeers } from './useWallet
 
 export const LightningView = () => {
   const { walletId, isLoading } = useSelectedWallet();
-  const { capabilities } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const hasChannels = capabilities.includes('channels');
   const hasPeers = capabilities.includes('peers');
   const hasPayments = capabilities.includes('lightningSend');
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/OverviewView.tsx b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/OverviewView.tsx
index 85a2b929..4c753987 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/OverviewView.tsx
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/OverviewView.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { Amount, UnitToggle } from './Amount';
 import { EmptyWallet } from './EmptyWallet';
 import { SyncBadge } from './SyncBadge';
 import { useSelectedWallet } from './useSelectedWallet';
-import { useBalances, useCapabilities, useTransactions, useWalletInfo } from './useWalletData';
+import { useBalances, usePermissions, useTransactions, useWalletInfo } from './useWalletData';
 
 // The at-a-glance section: what you hold, whether the node agrees with the chain, and the last few moves.
 //
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ function onchainHint(balances: Balances | null | undefined): string | undefined
 
 export const OverviewView = () => {
   const { wallet, walletId, isLoading } = useSelectedWallet();
-  const { capabilities } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const { balances, sync, isLoading: balancesLoading } = useBalances(walletId);
   const { info } = useWalletInfo(walletId);
   const { transactions } = useTransactions(walletId, 5);
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/ReceiveView.tsx b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/ReceiveView.tsx
index b1029f27..7edaa579 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/ReceiveView.tsx
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/ReceiveView.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { Amount } from './Amount';
 import { CopyField } from './CopyField';
 import { EmptyWallet, UnsupportedSection } from './EmptyWallet';
 import { useSelectedWallet } from './useSelectedWallet';
-import { errorMessage, useCapabilities, useInvoices, useReceiveAddress } from './useWalletData';
+import { errorMessage, usePermissions, useInvoices, useReceiveAddress } from './useWalletData';
 import { CreateInvoiceDialog } from './dialogs/CreateInvoiceDialog';
 
 // Receiving. Works while locked — deriving an address needs the account xpub, not the seed, which is why
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { CreateInvoiceDialog } from './dialogs/CreateInvoiceDialog';
 
 export const ReceiveView = () => {
   const { walletId, isLoading } = useSelectedWallet();
-  const { capabilities } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const canOnchain = capabilities.includes('onchainReceive');
   const canLightning = capabilities.includes('lightningReceive');
 
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/SendView.tsx b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/SendView.tsx
index 41875eff..8229dcf0 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/SendView.tsx
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/SendView.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import { UnlockPrompt } from './LockBadge';
 import { useSelectedWallet } from './useSelectedWallet';
 import { useCoinSelection } from './useCoinSelection';
 import { useLockCountdown } from './useLockCountdown';
-import { useBalances, useCapabilities, useFees, useUtxos, useWalletOperations } from './useWalletData';
+import { useBalances, usePermissions, useFees, useUtxos, useWalletOperations } from './useWalletData';
 import { PayInvoiceDialog } from './dialogs/PayInvoiceDialog';
 
 // Sending — the only part of the app that genuinely needs an unlocked wallet.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const FEE_PRESETS: { key: keyof FeeEstimates; label: string; hint: string }[] =
 
 export const SendView = () => {
   const { wallet, walletId, isLoading } = useSelectedWallet();
-  const { capabilities } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const canOnchain = capabilities.includes('onchainSend');
   const canLightning = capabilities.includes('lightningSend');
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ type FormProps = { walletId: number; walletName: string };
 const OnchainSendForm = ({ walletId, walletName }: FormProps) => {
   const { balances } = useBalances(walletId);
   const { fees } = useFees(walletId);
-  const { capabilities } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const { selected, clear } = useCoinSelection();
   const { utxos } = useUtxos(walletId, capabilities.includes('coinControl'));
   const { send } = useWalletOperations(walletId);
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletNav.tsx b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletNav.tsx
index 33a0f7c4..bc66d813 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletNav.tsx
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletNav.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import { Amount, UnitToggle } from './Amount';
 import { LockBadge } from './LockBadge';
 import { useWalletSection } from './useWalletSection';
 import { useSelectedWallet } from './useSelectedWallet';
-import { useBalances, useCapabilities, useWalletConfig, useWalletLifecycle } from './useWalletData';
+import { useBalances, usePermissions, useWalletConfig, useWalletLifecycle } from './useWalletData';
 import { CreateWalletDialog } from './dialogs/CreateWalletDialog';
 
 // Left panel of /wallet: the balance, the wallets, the sections, the lock state.
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export const WalletNav = () => {
   const section = useWalletSection();
   const { config } = useWalletConfig();
   const { wallet, wallets, walletId, isPinned, isLoading } = useSelectedWallet();
-  const { capabilities } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const { balances } = useBalances(walletId);
   const [createOpen, setCreateOpen] = useState(false);
 
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletSettingsView.tsx b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletSettingsView.tsx
index ca06e215..add0802d 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletSettingsView.tsx
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/WalletSettingsView.tsx
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { LockBadge } from './LockBadge';
 import { RescanCard } from './RescanCard';
 import { useSelectedWallet } from './useSelectedWallet';
 import { useLockCountdown } from './useLockCountdown';
-import { useCapabilities, useWalletConfig, useWalletLifecycle } from './useWalletData';
+import { usePermissions, useWalletConfig, useWalletLifecycle } from './useWalletData';
 import { ChangePassphraseDialog } from './dialogs/ChangePassphraseDialog';
 import { ExportSeedDialog } from './dialogs/ExportSeedDialog';
 import { DeleteWalletDialog } from './dialogs/DeleteWalletDialog';
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export const WalletSettingsView = () => {
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const { wallet, walletId, isLoading } = useSelectedWallet();
   const { config } = useWalletConfig();
-  const { capabilities, kind } = useCapabilities(walletId);
+  const { capabilities, kind } = usePermissions(walletId);
   const { hasSeed } = useLockCountdown(walletId);
   const { activate, rename } = useWalletLifecycle();
 
diff --git a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/useWalletData.ts b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/useWalletData.ts
index 731ad089..7d4a62e3 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/useWalletData.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/officerdev/src/apps/Wallet/useWalletData.ts
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export function useLockState(walletId: number | null) {
   return { lock: query.data ?? null, dataUpdatedAt: query.dataUpdatedAt, isLoading: query.isLoading };
 }
 
-export function useCapabilities(walletId: number | null) {
+export function usePermissions(walletId: number | null) {
   const { get } = useClient();
 
   const query = useQuery({
diff --git a/src/workspaces/state/src/useAccessPolicy.ts b/src/workspaces/state/src/useAccessPolicy.ts
index ddecf5d7..090a492d 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/state/src/useAccessPolicy.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/state/src/useAccessPolicy.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
 import { useAuth } from 'hooks/useAuth';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 
 type AccessPolicy = {
   allowedModels: string[];
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export function useAccessPolicy() {
   const client = useClient();
   const { isAuthenticated } = useAuth();
   // Under `/server-settings`, so `server-admin`: owner only. Authentication alone was never the right gate.
-  const { isOwner } = useCapabilities();
+  const { isOwner } = usePermissions();
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
 
   const { data: policy = { allowedModels: [] } } = useQuery<AccessPolicy>({
diff --git a/src/workspaces/state/src/useModels.ts b/src/workspaces/state/src/useModels.ts
index 38605be3..f00962b2 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/state/src/useModels.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/state/src/useModels.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
 import { useAuth } from 'hooks/useAuth';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 import { useAccessPolicy } from './useAccessPolicy';
 import { useSettings } from './useSettings';
 import type { ModelOption } from 'officerdev';
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export function useModels() {
   const { isAuthenticated } = useAuth();
   // `/chat` is `kind: 'execution'` — the agent runs unsandboxed as the server owner, so it is owner-only and
   // never grantable. The model list is no use to anyone who cannot open a chat.
-  const { can } = useCapabilities();
+  const { can } = usePermissions();
 
   const { data: models = [] } = useQuery<ModelOption[]>({
     queryKey: ['CHAT_MODELS'],
diff --git a/src/workspaces/state/src/useServerSettings.ts b/src/workspaces/state/src/useServerSettings.ts
index 2b821c6e..8895c925 100644
--- a/src/workspaces/state/src/useServerSettings.ts
+++ b/src/workspaces/state/src/useServerSettings.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { useClient } from 'hooks/useClient';
-import { useCapabilities } from 'hooks/useCapabilities';
+import { usePermissions } from 'hooks/usePermissions';
 
 type AIHarnesses = {
   claudeCode: boolean;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const useServerSettings = () => {
   // `/server-settings` is the `server-admin` capability: owner only, and not grantable at any level. This
   // hook is mounted by shell components that every account loads, so without the guard a member's first
   // paint fired a 403 at it.
-  const { isOwner } = useCapabilities();
+  const { isOwner } = usePermissions();
 
   const { data: settings, isLoading } = useQuery({
     queryKey: SETTINGS_KEY,